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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of Communications Technology and Electronics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Communications Technology and Electronics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Радиотехника и электроника</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0033-8494</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5901</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">684755</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0033849424100122</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">HPQLAU</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHYSICAL PROCESSES IN ELECTRONIC DEVICES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЗИЧЕСКИЕ ПРОЦЕССЫ В ЭЛЕКТРОННЫХ ПРИБОРАХ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Features of Phenomenological Bloch Equations sSolution for Determining the Longitudinal Relaxation Time Т<sup>1</sup> in a Liquid Flow</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Особенности решения феноменологических уравнений блоха для определения времени продольной релаксации Т<sup>1</sup> в потоке жидкости</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Davydov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Давыдов</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>Davydov_vadim66@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gol’dberg</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гольдберг</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>Davydov_vadim66@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dudkin</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дудкин</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>Davydov_vadim66@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Davydov</surname><given-names>R. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Давыдов</surname><given-names>Р. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>Davydov_vadim66@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peter the Great St. Peterburg Polytechnic University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский Политехнический университет Петра Великого</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The Bonch-Bruevich Saint-Petersburg State University of Telecommunications</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет телекоммуникаций им. проф. М.А. Бонч-Бруевича</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Alferov University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Алферовский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-10-14" publication-format="electronic"><day>14</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>69</volume><issue>10</issue><fpage>1020</fpage><lpage>1030</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-06-16"><day>16</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://innoscience.ru/0033-8494/article/view/684755">https://innoscience.ru/0033-8494/article/view/684755</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article considers the features of determining the longitudinal <italic>T</italic><sub>1</sub> and transverse <italic>T</italic><sub>2 </sub>relaxation times in the designs of NMR relaxometers with a flow-through and stationary liquid medium. The advantages of using the modulation technique for recording the NMR signal for flow-through NMR flowmeters-relaxometers and small-sized NMR relaxometers for express control of condensed media in comparison with other methods are noted. It is experimentally proven that the relationship obtained from the Bloch equations using approximations for determining <italic>T</italic><sub>1</sub> based on the results of two measurements of the NMR signal amplitudes or resonance frequencies has a number of limitations in its application for monitoring the state of a flowing medium. Based on experimental data, a study was made of the relationship between the magnetic field modulation frequencies for determining <italic>T</italic><sub>1</sub> and it was proven that for a number of relationships between them it is impossible to determine the <italic>T</italic><sub>1</sub> value during measurements. In this case, the NMR signals from the flowing medium at these modulation frequencies are recorded, and the medium itself has relaxation times <italic>T</italic><sub>1</sub> and <italic>T</italic><sub>2</sub>. The results we obtained allow us to eliminate the error in determining the state of the medium (whether it complies with the standard (absence of impurities in it) or not) using the measured values of relaxation times. This is extremely important a during conducting various experiments, especially using current flows, in which the use of other methods for solving this problem is difficult.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Рассмотрены особенности определения времен продольной <italic>Т</italic><sub>1</sub> и поперечной <italic>Т</italic><sub>2</sub> релаксации в конструкциях ЯМР-релаксометров с проточной и стационарной жидкой средой. Доказано, что полученное соотношение из уравнений Блоха с использованием приближений для определения <italic>Т</italic><sub>1</sub> по результатам двух измерений амплитуд сигнала ЯМР или резонансных частот имеет ряд ограничений по применению для контроля состояния текущей среды. Проведено исследование соотношения между частотами модуляции магнитного поля для определения <italic>Т</italic><sub>1</sub> и доказано, что для ряда соотношений между ними невозможно при измерениях определить значение <italic>Т</italic><sub>1</sub>. Полученные результаты позволяют исключить ошибку при определении состояния среды (соответствует стандарту (отсутствие в ней примесей) или нет) с использованием измеренных значений времен релаксации.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>nuclear magnetic resonance</kwd><kwd>liquid</kwd><kwd>condensed medium</kwd><kwd>modulation technique</kwd><kwd>NMR signal</kwd><kwd>nuclear magnetic flowmeter-relaxometer</kwd><kwd>Bloch equations</kwd><kwd>relaxation times T1 and T2</kwd><kwd>modulation frequency</kwd><kwd>measurement error</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ядерно-магнитный резонанс</kwd><kwd>жидкость</kwd><kwd>конденсированная среда</kwd><kwd>модуляционная методика</kwd><kwd>сигнал ЯМР</kwd><kwd>ядерно-магнитный расходомер-релаксометр</kwd><kwd>уравнения Блоха</kwd><kwd>времена релаксации Т1 и Т2</kwd><kwd>частота модуляции</kwd><kwd>погрешность измерения</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Давыдов В.В., Дудкин В.И., Карсеев А.Ю.//Письма в ЖТФ. 2015. 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