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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">I.P. Pavlov Journal of Higher Nervous Activity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">I.P. Pavlov Journal of Higher Nervous Activity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Журнал высшей нервной деятельности им. И.П. Павлова</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0044-4677</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5316</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">652009</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0044467723060084</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">BMQETJ</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНАЯ ПАТОЛОГИЯ ВЫСШЕЙ &#13;
НЕРВНОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНАЯ ПАТОЛОГИЯ ВЫСШЕЙ НЕРВНОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Unknown</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">EFFECT OF CHLORAL HYDRATE ON MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE NEOCORTEX AND FUNCTIONAL STATE OF OLD MALE RATS</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние хлоралгидрата на морфологические особенности неокортекса и функциональное состояние старых самцов крыс</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shcherbak</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щербак</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>shcherbakns@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yukina</surname><given-names>G. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юкина</surname><given-names>Г. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>shcherbakns@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gurbo</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гурбо</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>shcherbakns@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sukhorukova</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сухорукова</surname><given-names>Е. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>shcherbakns@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sargsian</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саргсян</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>shcherbakns@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Thomson</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Томсон</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>shcherbakns@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО “Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика 
И.П. Павлова” МЗ РФ</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-11-01" publication-format="electronic"><day>01</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>73</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>833</fpage><lpage>844</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-02"><day>02</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Н.С. Щербак, Г.Ю. Юкина, А.Г. Гурбо, Е.Г. Сухорукова, А.Г. Саргсян, В.В. Томсон</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Н.С. Щербак, Г.Ю. Юкина, А.Г. Гурбо, Е.Г. Сухорукова, А.Г. Саргсян, В.В. Томсон</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Н.С. Щербак, Г.Ю. Юкина, А.Г. Гурбо, Е.Г. Сухорукова, А.Г. Саргсян, В.В. Томсон</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Н.С. Щербак, Г.Ю. Юкина, А.Г. Гурбо, Е.Г. Сухорукова, А.Г. Саргсян, В.В. Томсон</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://innoscience.ru/0044-4677/article/view/652009">https://innoscience.ru/0044-4677/article/view/652009</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p id="idm45257551340304">In order to avoid obtaining distorted results at the stage of preclinical study of new pharmaceutical substances and therapeutic strategies, it is necessary to take into account the features and possible influence of the age of the animal and the anesthesia used on the outcome of the experiment. We studied the effect of chloral hydrate on morphological changes in neurons and the reaction of neocortical microglia and the functional state of old male Wistar rats (24 months). Differences were assessed in control rats and in the group using chloral hydrate at the dose required to achieve anesthesia (400 mg/kg animal weight) after 48 hours. After the application of chloral hydrate, the surviving animals (mortality rate 37.5%) showed a significant increase in the signs of neurological deficit in the form of motor, sensory and behavioral disorders compared to the rats of the control group. In the fronto-parietal region of the neocortex of the surviving animals, the expression level of the Iba-1 protein was significantly higher than in the control, neurons and microgliocytes with pronounced morphological changes were noted, while their number did not significantly differ from that in the control group. The obtained results suggest that the adverse effect in the early period after anesthesia with chloral hydrate without model surgical intervention in old rats, which manifests itself in the form of a deterioration in the functional state and mortality, can be realized due to the activation of microglia in the fronto-parietal region of the neocortex. However, the process of determining the specific structure of the brain, the activation of microglia in which is more responsible for the formation of neurological disorders, is quite complex and needs further study. In fundamental and preclinical studies of neuroprotective effects, in which old rats are used as the object of study and chloral hydrate is used as an anesthetic, these features must be taken into account.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p id="idm45257551337360">Во избежание получения искаженных результатов на этапе доклинического изучения новых фармацевтических субстанций и терапевтических стратегий необходимо учитывать особенности и возможное влияние возраста животного и примененного наркоза на исход эксперимента. Мы исследовали влияние хлоралгидрата на морфологические особенности нейронов и реакцию микроглии неокортекса и функциональное состояние старых самцов крыс Вистар (24 мес.). Различия оценивали у контрольных крыс и в группе с применением хлоралгидрата в дозе, необходимой для достижения наркоза (400 мг/кг веса животного), спустя 48 ч после его введения. После применения хлоралгидрата выжившие животные (летальность 37.5%) демонстрировали достоверное нарастание признаков неврологического дефицита в виде двигательных и поведенческих нарушений по сравнению с крысами контрольной группы. В лобно-теменной области неокортекса выживших животных уровень экспрессии белка Iba-1 был достоверно выше, чем в контроле, отмечались нейроны и микроглиоциты с выраженными морфологическими изменениями, хотя их число достоверно не отличалось от такового в контрольной группе. Полученные результаты позволяют предположить, что неблагоприятный эффект в ранний период после анестезии хлоралгидратом у старых крыс, проявляющийся в виде ухудшения функционального состояния и летальности, может реализовываться за счет активации микроглии лобно-теменной области неокортекса. Вопрос в том, в какой степени активация микроглии в конкретных структурах мозга ассоциирована с формированием неврологических нарушений, нуждается в дальнейшем изучении. Полученные результаты необходимо учитывать при фундаментальных и доклинических исследованиях, в которых в качестве объекта исследования участвуют старые крысы и хлоралгидрат используется в качестве анестетика.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chloral hydrate</kwd><kwd>rats</kwd><kwd>neocortex</kwd><kwd>Iba-1</kwd><kwd>aging</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хлоралгидрат</kwd><kwd>крысы</kwd><kwd>неокортекс</kwd><kwd>Iba-1</kwd><kwd>старение</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Силькис И.Г. Механизмы функционирования коннектома, включающего неокортекс, гиппокамп, базальные ганглии, мозжечок и таламус. Журн. высш. нервн. деят. им. И.П. 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