I.P. Pavlov Journal of Higher Nervous ActivityI.P. Pavlov Journal of Higher Nervous ActivityЖурнал высшей нервной деятельности им. И.П. Павлова0044-46773034-5316The Russian Academy of Sciences65201210.31857/S0044467723050052VUPNYQОБЗОРЫ И ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЕ СТАТЬИCOORDINATING ROLE OF ACTIN CYTOSKELETON IN SHORT-TERM PLASTICITY OF NEURAL ENSEMBLES INVOLVING EXCITATORY AND INHIBITORY SYNAPSESКоординирующая роль актинового цитоскелета в кратковременной нейросетевой пластичности с участием возбуждающих и тормозных синапсовKudryashovaI. V.КудряшоваИ. В.iv_kudryashova@mail.ruInstitute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology RASФедеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт высшей нервной деятельности и нейрофизиологии РАН0109202373557960502022025Copyright ©; 2023, И.В. КудряшоваCopyright ©; 2023, И.В. Кудряшова2023И.В. КудряшоваИ.В. Кудряшоваhttps://innoscience.ru/0044-4677/article/view/652012

The problem of frequency coding is closely related to the studies of inhibitory transmission as a factor of neural network plasticity. The rewiew presents basic mechanisms of inhibitory control of spatio-temporal pattern of neural activity during signal processing. Current views are analyzed in respect of dynamic synapses, their instability and variation within the ongoing activity. The results presented here demonstrate that short-term plasticity operates with the combined contribution of excitatory and inhibitory synapses. The role of GABAergic potentials in modulation of intracellular messenger’s activity is discussed, including those implicated in postsynaptic modifications of excitatory and inhibitory transmission. The main topics concerning the molecular mechanisms centered on the lateral diffusion of GABAA receptors. The data of many reports argue for coordinating role of actin cytoskeleton. It is proposed that postsynaptic mechanisms underlying GABAA plasticity may be activated in result of fast adaptation of actin cytoskeleton and associated proteins to disbalance between excitation and inhibition.

Проблема частотного кодирования тесно связана с исследованиями механизмов участия тормозных интернейронов в нейросетевой пластичности. В работе изложены основные принципы интеграции тормозных интернейронов в формирование пространственно-временного паттерна активности нейронов при обработке сигнала. Анализируются современные представления о динамическом характере синаптических реакций и их нестабильности в ходе текущей активности. Представленные результаты свидетельствуют о том, что кратковременная пластичность осуществляется в тесном взаимодействии возбуждающих и тормозных синапсов. Обсуждается влияние тормозных потенциалов на активность внутриклеточных посредников, влияющих на динамику постсинаптических модификаций возбуждающих и тормозных синапсов. К настоящему времени многое известно о молекулярных механизмах таких модификаций, однако никаких концептуальных представлений о ключевых факторах, объединяющих реакции внутриклеточного сигналинга в единую систему, обеспечивающую сбалансированность и “адаптивность” модификаций возбуждающих и тормозных синапсов, до сих пор не предлагалось. Приводятся аргументы в пользу координирующей роли актинового цитоскелета. Предполагается, что источником постсинаптических модификаций тормозных синапсов является быстрая адаптация актинового цитоскелета и ассоциированных с ним белков к любым отклонениям от оптимального баланса между возбуждением и торможением.

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