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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">I.P. Pavlov Journal of Higher Nervous Activity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">I.P. Pavlov Journal of Higher Nervous Activity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Журнал высшей нервной деятельности им. И.П. Павлова</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0044-4677</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5316</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">652032</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0044467723030115</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">TTOQDZ</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ФИЗИОЛОГИЯ ВЫСШЕЙ НЕРВНОЙ (КОГНИТИВНОЙ) &#13;
ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ЧЕЛОВЕКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЗИОЛОГИЯ ВЫСШЕЙ НЕРВНОЙ (КОГНИТИВНОЙ) ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ЧЕЛОВЕКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">TIME COURSE AND VISUAL PRESENTATION EFFECTS ON THE MOTOR MIRROR NEURON SYSTEM INDUCED BY TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние зрительного предъявления движений пальцев руки на моторный ответ, вызванный транскраниальной магнитной стимуляцией. Эффект, связанный с возможной реакцией системы зеркальных нейронов</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nietto-Doval</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ньето-Доваль</surname><given-names>К.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>mfeurra@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ragimova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рагимова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>mfeurra@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Feurra</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Феурра</surname><given-names>М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>mfeurra@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, HSE University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Центр нейроэкономики и когнитивных исследований Института когнитивных нейронаук,
Национальный исследовательский университет “Высшая школа экономики”</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-05-01" publication-format="electronic"><day>01</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>73</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>334</fpage><lpage>347</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-02"><day>02</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, К. Ньето-Доваль, А.А. Рагимова, М. Феурра</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, К. Ньето-Доваль, А.А. Рагимова, М. Феурра</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">К. Ньето-Доваль, А.А. Рагимова, М. Феурра</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">К. Ньето-Доваль, А.А. Рагимова, М. Феурра</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://innoscience.ru/0044-4677/article/view/652032">https://innoscience.ru/0044-4677/article/view/652032</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p id="idm45181326181360">The study of mirror neurons (MN) has a long way since its discovery on monkeys and later on humans. However, there are inconsistencies on the way that stimuli are presented and on the time of stimuli presentation. Which is the optimal way to present motor movement stimuli? Is it possible to estimate the time course of the mirror neurons effect by using transcranial magnetic stimulation at specific time windows? In the current study we investigated different type of stimuli presentation (photo and video of hand movements) by using single pulse Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of the dominant primary motor cortex (M1) at different time windows (0, 320, 640 ms). Motor evoked potentials from FDI (index finger muscle) and ADM (little finger muscle) were recorded on 11 healthy subjects at rest with their hands in orthogonal position while only observing the visual stimuli in three different presentation conditions. Our results showed that Video presentation induces the strongest mirror effect at 320 ms from the movement onset. This effect is muscle specific. The current evidence provides an optimal protocol for the investigation of the mirror neurons system in humans and pave the way for future clinical application and rehabilitation.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p id="idm45181326180016">Исследования зеркальных нейронов прошли долгий путь с момента их открытия у приматов до современных экспериментов на людях. Однако остается много методологических вопросов о способе и времени предъявления стимулов в таких исследованиях. Каков оптимальный способ предъявления моторных стимулов? Можно ли оценить временную динамику эффекта зеркальных нейронов с помощью транскраниальной магнитной стимуляции в определенные отрезки времени? В текущем исследовании мы рассматривали различные типы предъявления стимулов (фото и видео движения руки), используя одноимпульсную транскраниальную магнитную стимуляцию (ТМС) первичной моторной коры (М1) доминантного полушария в разных временных окнах (0, 320, 640 мс). Были зарегистрированы моторные вызванные потенциалы (МВП) от первой тыльной межкостной мышцы (FDI, мышца указательного пальца) и от мышцы, отводящей мизинец (ADM, мышца мизинца) с помощью клейких электродов, размещенных на мышцах рук, у 11 здоровых испытуемых в состоянии покоя с ортогональным положением рук при наблюдении за зрительными стимулами в трех различных условиях предъявления. Результаты исследования показали, что видеостимулы вызывают самый сильный зеркальный эффект при подаче ТМС-стимула через 320 мс с момента предъявления движения. Этот эффект специфичен для определенных мышц. Полученные данные помогут сформировать оптимальный протокол для исследования системы зеркальных нейронов у человека и будут способствовать дальнейшему применению его в клинике при исследованиях на пациентах и при реабилитации.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mirror neurons system</kwd><kwd>transcranial magnetic stimulation</kwd><kwd>primary motor cortex</kwd><kwd>motor evoked potentials</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>система зеркальных нейронов</kwd><kwd>транскраниальная магнитная стимуляция</kwd><kwd>первичная моторная кора</kwd><kwd>моторные вызванные потенциалы</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Barker A.T., Freeston I.L., Jalinous R., Jarratt J.A. Magnetic stimulation of the human brain and peripheral nervous system: an introduction and the results of an initial clinical evaluation. 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