I.P. Pavlov Journal of Higher Nervous ActivityI.P. Pavlov Journal of Higher Nervous ActivityЖурнал высшей нервной деятельности им. И.П. Павлова0044-46773034-5316The Russian Academy of Sciences65204410.31857/S0044467723020053ILDDCTФИЗИОЛОГИЯ ВЫСШЕЙ НЕРВНОЙ (КОГНИТИВНОЙ) ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ЧЕЛОВЕКАФИЗИОЛОГИЯ ВЫСШЕЙ НЕРВНОЙ (КОГНИТИВНОЙ) ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ЧЕЛОВЕКАACTIVITY OF THE MIRROR NEURON SYSTEM IN PEOPLE WITH DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMSАктивность зеркальной системы мозга у людей с депрессивным симптомокомплексомKarimovaE. D.КаримоваЕ. Д.e.d.karimova@gmail.comSmolskayaD. V.СмольскаяД. В.e.d.karimova@gmail.comNaratkinaA. A.НараткинаА. А.e.d.karimova@gmail.comInstitute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of the Russian Academy of SciencesИнститут высшей нервной деятельности и нейрофизиологии РАНLomonosov Moscow State UniversityМосковский государственный университет им. Ломоносова0103202373223024102022025Copyright ©; 2023, Е.Д. Каримова, Д.В. Смольская, А.А. НараткинаCopyright ©; 2023, Е.Д. Каримова, Д.В. Смольская, А.А. Нараткина2023Е.Д. Каримова, Д.В. Смольская, А.А. НараткинаЕ.Д. Каримова, Д.В. Смольская, А.А. Нараткинаhttps://innoscience.ru/0044-4677/article/view/652044

The global events of the last few years have led to the fact that more and more people are beginning to experience depressive symptoms. Developing depression significantly affects the emotional state of a person and his perception of the world around him. The purpose of this study was to analyze the reactions of mu- and alpha-rhythms reflecting the work of the mirror and visual systems of the brain, when perceiving and repeating emotionally colored social stimuli in people with different levels of depression. The study involved 32 healthy subjects who were divided into two groups – with high and low levels of depression on the Beck scale. A 32-channel EEG was recorded in two experimental blocks activating the emotional and motor components of the mirror neuron system (MNS): 1) when perceiving emotional faces expressing joy or grief; 2) when observing and repeating motor hand gestures. The desynchronization levels of the mu- and alpha-rhythm components in each of the tasks identified by the independent component method (ICA) were analyzed. It was found that the mu- desynchronization was significantly higher in people with depression when repeating motor hand movements, as well as when perceiving negative emotional facial expressions. Desynchronization of the alpha rhythm did not differ in the two groups of volunteers. Thus, the development of a depressive state increases MNS activation, and its sensitivity to negative emotional stimuli. This effect does not apply to the visual cortex and visual attention.

Мировые события последних нескольких лет привели к тому, что все больше людей начинают испытывать депрессивные симптомы, которые в значительной степени влияют на эмоциональный фон человека и его восприятие окружающего мира. Целью данного исследования было проанализировать реакции мю- и альфа-ритмов, отражающих работу зеркальной и зрительной систем головного мозга, при восприятии и повторении эмоционально окрашенных социальных стимулов у людей с разным уровнем депрессии. В исследовании приняли участие 32 здоровых испытуемых, которые были разделены на две группы – с высоким и низким уровнем депрессии по шкале Бека. Регистрировали 32-канальную ЭЭГ в двух экспериментальных блоках, активирующих эмоциональную и моторную составляющие зеркальной системы мозга (ЗСМ): 1) при восприятии эмоциональных лиц, выражающих счастье или горе; 2) при наблюдении и повторении моторных жестов рукой. Анализировали степень десинхронизации компонент мю- и альфа-ритма, выделенных методом независимых компонент (ICA), в каждой из задач. Было получено, что десинхронизация мю-ритма была достоверно выше у людей с высоким уровнем депрессии при повторении моторных движений рукой, а также при восприятии негативной эмоциональной мимики. Десинхронизация альфа-ритма не отличалась у двух групп испытуемых. Таким образом, развитие депрессивного состояния усиливает активацию ЗСМ, при этом повышается ее чувствительность к негативным эмоциональным стимулам. Данный эффект не распространяется на зрительную кору и визуальное внимание.

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