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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">I.P. Pavlov Journal of Higher Nervous Activity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">I.P. Pavlov Journal of Higher Nervous Activity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Журнал высшей нервной деятельности им. И.П. Павлова</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0044-4677</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5316</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">652057</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0044467723010082</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">GJHBWP</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading"><subject>ДИСКУССИОННЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">EVOLUTIONARY PATH OF CONSCIOUSNESS AND REASON: COGNITOME FROM A PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эволюционный путь сознания и разума: когнитом с точки зрения философии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kanaev</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Канаев</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>kanaev@qq.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dryaeva</surname><given-names>E. D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дряева</surname><given-names>Э. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>dryaeva.ella@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Sun Yat-sen University, Dept.Philosophy</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Философский факультет университета Сунь Ятсена</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Философский факультет Московского государственного университета им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-01-01" publication-format="electronic"><day>01</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>73</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>124</fpage><lpage>140</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-02"><day>02</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, И.А. Канаев, Э.Д. Дряева</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, И.А. Канаев, Э.Д. Дряева</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">И.А. Канаев, Э.Д. Дряева</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">И.А. Канаев, Э.Д. Дряева</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://innoscience.ru/0044-4677/article/view/652057">https://innoscience.ru/0044-4677/article/view/652057</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p id="idm45181323518800">The ability of an organism to experience subjective states is an object of research for many disciplines of science. This article seeks to consider consciousness on the foundation of advances in neuroscience, cognitive science, anthropology, and philosophy. Particular attention is given to the concept of “cognitome” suggested by K.V. Anokhin. We agree with understanding conscious activity as a particular ability of an organism, which cannot be reduced to a mass of simpler systems. However, we believe that subjective ability for the cognition or “anticipatory reflection” of the environment must be considered under the history of natural evolution. We suggest that a particular interference pattern that emerges from the activity of neural domain systems can be a foundation for a critical enhancement of a system’s efficiency and cause further evolution of cognitive systems. This theory is coherent with the most elaborated neuroscientific explanations of consciousness and can explain the direct match between the neural system’s dynamics and states of subjective reality.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p id="idm45181323516944">Объяснение способности организма к переживанию субъективных состояний является предметом научного поиска многих дисциплин. В данной статье мы предлагаем рассмотрение проблемы сознания на основании достижений нейрофизиологии, когнитивной науки, антропологии и философии. Особое внимание мы уделяем обсуждению философских предпосылок концепции “когнитома”, которую отстаивает К.В. Анохин. Мы согласны с пониманием деятельности сознания как активности сложной живой системы, которая не может быть редуцирована к сумме действия систем низшего порядка. Вместе с тем мы убеждены, что способность к познанию или “опережающему отражению” окружающего мира должна рассматриваться в соответствии с ходом естественной эволюции и не может быть основным системообразующим принципом. Мы предполагаем, что интерференция активности компонентов нервной системы могла стать основой для повышения эффективности функциональной системы, которая проявляется как уникальное состояние субъективной реальности и предпосылка развития способности организма к познанию мира. Данная теория согласуется с получившими подтверждение теориями сознания и объясняет прямое соответствие динамики высшей нервной деятельности состоянию субъективной реальности.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>brain</kwd><kwd>consciousness</kwd><kwd>cognition</kwd><kwd>evolutionary selection</kwd><kwd>working memory</kwd><kwd>interference</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мозг</kwd><kwd>сознание</kwd><kwd>познание</kwd><kwd>эволюционный отбор</kwd><kwd>рабочая память</kwd><kwd>интерференция</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Анохин К.В. Когнитом: В поисках фундаментальной нейронаучной теории сознания. Журн. высш. нерв. деят. им. И.П.Павлова. 2021. 71 (1): 39–71.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Анохин П.К. Избранные труды. Философские аспекты теории функциональных систем. 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