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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">I.P. Pavlov Journal of Higher Nervous Activity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">I.P. Pavlov Journal of Higher Nervous Activity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Журнал высшей нервной деятельности им. И.П. Павлова</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0044-4677</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5316</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">652066</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0044467724060076</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ МЕХАНИЗМЫ ПОВЕДЕНИЯ ЖИВОТНЫХ: &#13;
ВОСПРИЯТИЕ ВНЕШНИХ СТИМУЛОВ, ДВИГАТЕЛЬНАЯ &#13;
АКТИВНОСТЬ, ОБУЧЕНИЕ И ПАМЯТЬ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ МЕХАНИЗМЫ ПОВЕДЕНИЯ ЖИВОТНЫХ: ВОСПРИЯТИЕ ВНЕШНИХ СТИМУЛОВ, ДВИГАТЕЛЬНАЯ АКТИВНОСТЬ, ОБУЧЕНИЕ И ПАМЯТЬ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Long-term social isolation impairs learning in a two-way active avoidance task in female rats</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Длительная социальная изоляция ухудшает обучение в задаче двустороннего активного избегания у самок крыс</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Krupina</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крупина</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>krupina-na@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khlebnikova</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хлебникова</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>krupina-na@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Научно-исследовательский институт общей патологии и патофизиологии»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-11" publication-format="electronic"><day>11</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>74</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>727</fpage><lpage>741</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-02"><day>02</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://innoscience.ru/0044-4677/article/view/652066">https://innoscience.ru/0044-4677/article/view/652066</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In socially living species, including humans, social contacts’ deficit provokes chronic stress development, leading to disorders in the psychoemotional sphere, cognitive impairment, etc. Previously, we showed that spatial memory and passive avoidance impairments in rats exposed to months-long social isolation (SI) from an early age are more pronounced in females compared to males. There is lack research on females. This study aimed to evaluate learning in the two-way avoidance paradigm using the conditioned active avoidance reflex (CAAR) test and to assess skill retention in female rats exposed to SI, which started after the pups were taken from their dams and lasted for up to ten months. After 6.5 months of SI, rats were trained in the CAAR test when their anxiety level and grooming expression were lower than in rats housed in groups. Rats exposed to SI performed fewer avoidance but more escape responses and were less likely to achieve the learning criterion. In isolated rats compared to control rats, the escape latency was heightened, and the maximum number of avoidance reactions in a row was less after 24 hours after training. After 2 months after training, no differences in CAAR retention were revealed between rats kept in different housing conditions. After 10 months of SI, rat blood serum corticosterone levels were lower than in rats in the control group. The findings show worse learning and skill retention one day following training in the CAAR test in rats under the influence of long-term SI.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Дефицит социальных контактов у социально живущих видов, включая людей, провоцирует развитие хронического стресса, приводящего к расстройствам в психоэмоциональной сфере, развитию нарушений когнитивных функций и др. Ранее мы показали, что нарушения пространственной памяти и пассивного избегания у крыс, подвергнутых многомесячной социальной изоляции (СИ) с раннего возраста, более выражены у самок по сравнению с самцами. Исследований на самках недостаточно. Целью настоящей работы были оценка обучения в тесте условного рефлекса активного избегания (УРАИ) в парадигме двустороннего избегания и проверка сохранности навыка у самок крыс, подвергнутых СИ, начинавшейся после отсаживания крысят от матери и продолжавшейся до 10 мес. Обучение крыс в тесте УРАИ начинали после 6.5 мес СИ, когда уровень тревожности и выраженность груминга у них были ниже, чем у крыс, которых содержали в группах. Крысы, подвергнутые СИ, совершали меньше реакций избегания, но больше реакций избавления, а также реже достигали критерия научения. Через 24 ч после обучения латентный период реакций избавления у изолированных крыс был повышен, а максимальное число реакций избегания подряд – снижено. Через 2 мес после обучения не выявлено различий в сохранности УРАИ между крысами, проживавшими в разных условиях содержания. После 10 мес СИ уровень кортикостерона в сыворотке крови крыс был ниже, чем у крыс контрольной группы. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о худшем обучении и сохранении навыка через сутки после обучения в тесте УРАИ у крыс под влиянием длительной СИ.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>long-term social isolation</kwd><kwd>female rats</kwd><kwd>two-way conditioned active avoidance reflex</kwd><kwd>anxiety</kwd><kwd>grooming</kwd><kwd>locomotor and exploratory activity</kwd><kwd>pain sensitivity in the “Hot Plate” test</kwd><kwd>corticosterone</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>длительная социальная изоляция</kwd><kwd>самки крыс</kwd><kwd>двусторонний условный рефлекс активного избегания</kwd><kwd>тревожность</kwd><kwd>груминг</kwd><kwd>двигательная и исследовательская активность</kwd><kwd>болевая чувствительность в тесте «Hot Plate»</kwd><kwd>кортикостерон</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Министерство науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>122022200349-9</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Крупина Н.А., Ширенова С.Д. 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