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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">I.P. Pavlov Journal of Higher Nervous Activity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">I.P. Pavlov Journal of Higher Nervous Activity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Журнал высшей нервной деятельности им. И.П. Павлова</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0044-4677</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5316</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">652098</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0044467724020049</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ МЕХАНИЗМЫ ПОВЕДЕНИЯ ЖИВОТНЫХ: &#13;
ВОСПРИЯТИЕ ВНЕШНИХ СТИМУЛОВ, ДВИГАТЕЛЬНАЯ &#13;
АКТИВНОСТЬ, ОБУЧЕНИЕ И ПАМЯТЬ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ МЕХАНИЗМЫ ПОВЕДЕНИЯ ЖИВОТНЫХ: ВОСПРИЯТИЕ ВНЕШНИХ СТИМУЛОВ, ДВИГАТЕЛЬНАЯ АКТИВНОСТЬ, ОБУЧЕНИЕ И ПАМЯТЬ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Evaluation of sensomotor development, behavioral reactions and cognitive functions of the second generation of rats with hyperhomocysteinemia</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Оценка сенсомоторного развития, поведенческих реакций и когнитивных функций потомства второго поколения крыс с гипергомоцистеинемией</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakovleva</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яковлева</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Human and Animal Physiology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кафедра физиологии человека и животных</p></bio><email>a-olay@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Skripnikova</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скрипникова</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Human and Animal Physiology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кафедра физиологии человека и животных</p></bio><email>a-olay@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakovlev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яковлев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Human and Animal Physiology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кафедра физиологии человека и животных</p></bio><email>a-olay@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sitdikova</surname><given-names>G. F.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ситдикова</surname><given-names>Г. Ф.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Human and Animal Physiology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кафедра физиологии человека и животных</p></bio><email>a-olay@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">IFM&amp;B, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ИФМиБ, Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-08-21" publication-format="electronic"><day>21</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>74</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>179</fpage><lpage>196</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-02"><day>02</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://innoscience.ru/0044-4677/article/view/652098">https://innoscience.ru/0044-4677/article/view/652098</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The adverse maternal exposure during pregnancy leads to developmental disorders in the offspring that can be passed on to later generations. Epigenetic regulation of DNA transcription may mediate inherited metabolic diseases. An increase in homocysteine concentration in the blood is associated with epigenetic modifications of the genome, which can alter the fetal brain’s development program and cause cognitive impairment. The aim of our work was to identify changes in sensomotor development, behavioral reactions and cognitive functions of offspring of second generation rats (HcyF2) of hyperhomocysteinemia. Our results indicate that unconditioned reflexes and physical parameters are delayed in HcyF2 rats. In “open field”, HcyF2 rats showed higher levels of anxiety and decreased exploratory and motor activity, while coordination of movements studied in “rotarod” test was not impaired. Decreased limb muscle strength was shown in the “grip strength” test. Additionally, HcyF2 rats demonstrated an impaired learning and longterm memory in the Morris water maze. Biochemical analysis revealed an imbalance in the antioxidant systems, which was attributed to decreased activity of glutathione peroxidases and H2S synthesis enzymes. It was suggested that elevated homocysteine levels during pregnancy may result in epigenetic modifications of the genome, which can impact the metabolism of offspring and be inherited by future generations.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Неблагоприятные условия, воздействующие на мать в период беременности, не только нарушают развитие потомства, но и могут влиять на последующие поколения. Одним из факторов, который может опосредовать наследственные метаболические заболевания, является эпигенетическая регуляция транскрипции. Эпигенетические модификации генома наблюдаются при повышении концентрации гомоцистеина в крови, что может сопровождаться изменениями программы развития мозга плода и когнитивными нарушениями. Целью нашей работы было проанализировать сенсомоторное развитие, поведенческие реакции и когнитивные функции потомства крыс с гипергомоцистеинемией во втором поколении (ГГцF2). Нами было показано отставание в формировании безусловных рефлексов и физических параметров у крыс ГГцF2. В тесте “открытое поле” у этих животных наблюдались высокая тревожность, снижение исследовательской и двигательной активности, при этом координация движений в тесте “ротарод” не была нарушена, но наблюдалось снижение силы мышц конечностей в тесте “сила хвата”. В тесте “водный лабиринт Морриса” у крыс ГГцF2 ухудшались обучение и долговременная память. Биохимический анализ показал нарушение баланса в работе антиоксидантных систем, вследствие снижения активности глутатионпероксидаз и ферментов синтеза сероводорода. Можно предположить, что высокий уровень гомоцистеина во время беременности приводит к эпигенетическим изменениям генома, влияющим на метаболизм потомства и передающимся последующим поколениям.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hyperhomocysteinemia</kwd><kwd>second generation</kwd><kwd>sensomotor development</kwd><kwd>anxiety</kwd><kwd>memory</kwd><kwd>learning</kwd><kwd>motor coordination</kwd><kwd>oxidative stress</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гипергомоцистеинемия</kwd><kwd>второе поколение</kwd><kwd>сенсомоторное развитие</kwd><kwd>тревожность</kwd><kwd>память</kwd><kwd>обучение</kwd><kwd>координация движений</kwd><kwd>окислительный стресс</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский Научный Фонд</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>20-15-00100</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Арутюнян А.В., Козина Л.С., Арутюнян В.А. 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