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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">I.P. Pavlov Journal of Higher Nervous Activity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">I.P. Pavlov Journal of Higher Nervous Activity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Журнал высшей нервной деятельности им. И.П. Павлова</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0044-4677</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5316</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">652103</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0044467724010016</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ И ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Contemporary neuroscientific concepts and psychotherapy: possibilities for integration</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Современные нейронаучные концепции и психотерапия: возможности интеграции</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dobrushina</surname><given-names>O. R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Добрушина</surname><given-names>О. Р.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dobrushina@neurology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Center of Neurology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-07-10" publication-format="electronic"><day>10</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>74</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>3</fpage><lpage>13</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-02"><day>02</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://innoscience.ru/0044-4677/article/view/652103">https://innoscience.ru/0044-4677/article/view/652103</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article presents a review and analysis of literature aimed at grounding psychotherapy within the context of contemporary neuroscientific concepts. It is suggested that on the neural level psychotherapy is associated with changes in the mentalizing and empathy networks’ connectivity. Several mechanisms underlying these changes are proposed: enhancement of the prefrontal system’s role in arousal regulation, oxytocin-related modulation of the attachment system, and optimization of predictive coding of interpersonal perception, including the prediction error processing pathway. The hypotheses are supported by studies in social, cognitive, affective and behavioral neuroscience, research in the field of psychotherapy, and neuroimaging data on the effects of psychotherapy.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Статья содержит обзор литературы и теоретическое исследование, посвященное рассмотрению психотерапии в контексте современных нейронаучных концепций. В качестве мозговых коррелятов психотерапевтических процессов предлагается рассматривать изменения в нейросетях ментализации и эмпатии. Выдвигаются гипотезы о возможных механизмах, приводящих к изменению связности нейросетей после психотерапии: усиление роли префронтальной системы в регуляции уровня возбуждения, окситоциновая модуляция системы привязанности, оптимизация предиктивного кодирования межличностного восприятия, включая путь обработки ошибки предикции. Выдвигаемые положения опираются на исследования социальной, аффективной, когнитивной и поведенческой нейронауки, научные работы в области психотерапии, данные о нейрофизиологических коррелятах эффектов психотерапии.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>psychotherapy</kwd><kwd>fMRI</kwd><kwd>resting-state networks</kwd><kwd>brain functional connectivity</kwd><kwd>mentalizing</kwd><kwd>empathy</kwd><kwd>predictive coding</kwd><kwd>oxytocin</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>психотерапия</kwd><kwd>фМРТ</kwd><kwd>функциональные сети покоя</kwd><kwd>функциональная связность головного мозга</kwd><kwd>ментализация</kwd><kwd>эмпатия</kwd><kwd>предиктивное кодирование</kwd><kwd>окситоцин</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Барретт Л. Ф. Как рождаются эмоции. М.: Манн, Иванов и Фербер, 2018.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Гаврон А. 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