I.P. Pavlov Journal of Higher Nervous ActivityI.P. Pavlov Journal of Higher Nervous ActivityЖурнал высшей нервной деятельности им. И.П. Павлова0044-46773034-5316The Russian Academy of Sciences68089610.31857/S0044467725020016ОБЗОРЫ И ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЕ СТАТЬИReview ArticleVisual categorization in birdsЗрительная категоризация у птицDiffineE. A.ДиффинэЕ. А.
Russian Federation
diffineea@my.msu.ruTiunovaA. A.ТиуноваА. А.
Russian Federation
diffineea@my.msu.ruAnokhinK. V.АнохинК. В.
Russian Federation
diffineea@my.msu.ruLomonosov Moscow State UniversityМосковский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова1503202575213115228052025Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of SciencesCopyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук2025Russian Academy of SciencesРоссийская академия наукhttps://innoscience.ru/0044-4677/article/view/680896

Categorization is a cognitive process that leads to the ability to perceive similar but not identical stimuli as equivalent. To classify an object into a category, an animal must learn to recognize key features of a new object using the experience gained from previous interactions with similar objects. Due to this, categorization eliminates the need to examine each new object anew, significantly expanding the adaptive capabilities of the organism. The ability to categorize is inherent in animals with different types of organization of the nervous system. The review summarizes approaches to the study of visual categorization in birds – animals that have outstanding abilities for this process. Analysis of extensive data obtained in studies of visual categorization in different models in birds opens up the possibility of not only identifying the general biological neural bases and mechanisms of this process, but can also be used to expand the neuromorphic properties of artificial intelligence.

Категоризация – когнитивный процесс, ведущий к способности воспринимать похожие, но не идентичные стимулы как эквивалентные. Чтобы отнести объект к какой-либо категории, животное должно научиться распознавать ключевые признаки нового объекта, применяя опыт, полученный от предыдущих взаимодействий со схожими объектами. Благодаря этому категоризация избавляет от необходимости исследовать каждый новый объект заново, существенно расширяя адаптивные возможности организма. Способность к категоризации присуща животным с разными типами устройства нервной системы. В обзоре рассмотрены фундаментальные подходы к исследованию зрительной категоризации у птиц, обладающих выдающимися способностями к этому процессу. Анализ обширных данных, полученных в исследованиях зрительной категоризации в разных моделях у птиц, не только открывает возможность выявления общебиологических нервных основ и механизмов этого процесса, но и может быть использован для расширения нейроморфных свойств у систем искусственного интеллекта.

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