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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">I.P. Pavlov Journal of Higher Nervous Activity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">I.P. Pavlov Journal of Higher Nervous Activity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Журнал высшей нервной деятельности им. И.П. Павлова</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0044-4677</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5316</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">680906</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0044467725020077</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ МЕХАНИЗМЫ ПОВЕДЕНИЯ ЖИВОТНЫХ: &#13;
ВОСПРИЯТИЕ ВНЕШНИХ СТИМУЛОВ, ДВИГАТЕЛЬНАЯ &#13;
АКТИВНОСТЬ, ОБУЧЕНИЕ И ПАМЯТЬ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ МЕХАНИЗМЫ ПОВЕДЕНИЯ ЖИВОТНЫХ: ВОСПРИЯТИЕ ВНЕШНИХ СТИМУЛОВ, ДВИГАТЕЛЬНАЯ АКТИВНОСТЬ, ОБУЧЕНИЕ И ПАМЯТЬ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Genomics of higher nervous activity: evolutionary synteny conservatism of the genes involved in neuropathology</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Геномика высшей нервной деятельности: эволюционная консервативность синтении блока генов, вовлекаемых в нейропатологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kosovsky</surname><given-names>G. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Косовский</surname><given-names>Г. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>skobelolga@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Skobel</surname><given-names>O. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скобель</surname><given-names>О. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>skobelolga@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Glazko</surname><given-names>T. T.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Глазко</surname><given-names>Т. Т.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>skobelolga@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Afanasyev Scientific Research Institute of Fur-Bearing Animal Breeding and Rabbit Breeding</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт пушного звероводства и кролиководства имени В. А. Афанасьева</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-03-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>75</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>239</fpage><lpage>253</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-05-28"><day>28</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://innoscience.ru/0044-4677/article/view/680906">https://innoscience.ru/0044-4677/article/view/680906</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>There is increasing evidence that the gene network with common regulatory elements that affect their expression may be involved in the manifestation of various diseases. We have previously identified 12 genes associated with neurodegenerative diseases (<italic>kcne2, gart, tmem50b, il10rb, ifnar2, urb1, grik1, usp16, ltn1, cyyr1, app, jam2</italic>), which carry in their introns the recombination product between LINE1 and BovB retrotransposons with sites of homology to different microRNAs. They also maintain high evolutionary conservatism of genetic linkage in mammals, including platypus (chromosome 17) and human (chromosome 21). In order to clarify the possible functional relationships that protect the genetic linkage, an <italic>in silico</italic> analysis of the specific expression functional features was performed. The results showed their involvement in fundamental biological processes of cell life support and the close relationship between the proteins encoded by the genes. Thus, an excess of the <italic>app</italic> gene product reduces or blocks the processes of cell excitability. A reduction in cell excitability can lead to inhibition of the expression of genes encoding proteins involved in intercellular interactions, protein synthesis, purine synthesis, activation of cell ageing, cell death, and an increase in the activity of anti-inflammatory processes. We suggest that the close linkage of the 12 genes is maintained in the evolutionary process due to this relationship and the presence of the same regulatory network elements in them, which may simultaneously correct their expression. Thus, the study of the synteny of genes closely related to neuropathologies can contribute to a deeper understanding of the genetic mechanisms regulating higher nervous activity.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Появляется все больше доказательств, что в проявление различных заболеваний может вовлекаться сетевая организация генов, имеющих общие регуляторные элементы, влияющие на их экспрессию. Ранее нами выявлены ассоциированные с нейродегенеративными заболеваниями 12 генов (<italic>kcne2, gart, tmem50b, il10rb, ifnar2, urb1, grik1, usp16, ltn1, cyyr1, app, jam2</italic>), которые несут в интронах продукт рекомбинации между ретротранспозонами LINE1 и BovB с участками гомологии к различным микроРНК и характеризуются высокой эволюционной консервативностью генетического сцепления у млекопитающих, включая утконоса (хромосома 17) и человека (хромосома 21). Для того чтобы выяснить возможные функциональные связи, способствующие сохранению генетического сцепления этих генов, выполнен анализ <italic>in</italic> <italic>silico</italic> специфических функциональных особенностей их экспрессии. Анализ показал, что белки, кодируемые генами, участвуют в фундаментальных биологических процессах жизнеобеспечения клеток и тесно связаны друг с другом. Так, избыток продукта гена <italic>app </italic>снижает или блокирует процессы возбуждения клеток. Уменьшение возбудимости клеток может, в свою очередь, приводить<italic> </italic>к<italic> </italic>угнетению экспрессии генов, кодирующих белки, участвующие в межклеточных взаимодействиях, белковом синтезе, синтезе пуринов, активации клеточного старения, гибели клеток и увеличения активности противовоспалительных процессов. Результаты исследования позволяют предположить, что благодаря этой взаимосвязи, а также присутствию в них одинаковых элементов регуляторной сети, вносящих возможность синхронизированной коррекции их экспрессии, поддерживается тесное сцепление рассмотренных 12 генов в процессе эволюции. Таким образом, изучение синтении генов, тесно связанных с нейропатологиями, может способствовать более глубокому пониманию генетических механизмов регуляции высшей нервной деятельности.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>neurodegenerative diseases</kwd><kwd>evolutionary conservatism</kwd><kwd>synteny</kwd><kwd>gene block</kwd><kwd>metabolic pathways</kwd><kwd>regulome</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нейродегенеративные заболевания</kwd><kwd>эволюционная консервативность</kwd><kwd>синтения</kwd><kwd>блок генов</kwd><kwd>метаболические пути</kwd><kwd>регулом</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Министерство науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Глазко В.И., Косовский Г.Ю., Глазко Т.Т. 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