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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">I.P. Pavlov Journal of Higher Nervous Activity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">I.P. Pavlov Journal of Higher Nervous Activity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Журнал высшей нервной деятельности им. И.П. Павлова</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0044-4677</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5316</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">682785</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0044467725010025</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ И ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Brain mechanisms of jazz improvisation</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Мозговые механизмы джазовой импровизации</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Skryabin</surname><given-names>V. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скрябин</surname><given-names>В. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>sardonios@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-01-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>75</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>15</fpage><lpage>23</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-06-04"><day>04</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://innoscience.ru/0044-4677/article/view/682785">https://innoscience.ru/0044-4677/article/view/682785</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Musical improvisation, especially in jazz, is a unique form of creative process that requires active interaction between different brain networks. Unlike the performance of pre-learned musical parts, improvisation is characterized by the reduced functional connectivity between the central executive network (ECN) and the default mode network (DMN), allowing bottom-up processes to guide creative behavior. This phenomenon, known as hypofrontality, contributes to reduced cognitive control and facilitates spontaneous idea generation. The aim of this review is to investigate the neural mechanisms underlying musical improvisation. Findings have shown that cognitive control is reduced during improvisation, allowing musicians to generate new musical ideas with minimal interference from executive functions. At the same time, performing pre-learned music requires higher levels of cognitive appraisal and control, which is associated with higher functional connectivity of the ECN and DMN. Of particular interest was the finding that the same neural networks are activated during imaginative improvisation as during real performance, which emphasizes the importance of self-referential processes in creativity. The findings support the hypothesis that improvisation activates unique neural mechanisms that facilitate spontaneous creativity and the free flow of ideas.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Музыкальная импровизация, особенно в джазе, представляет собой уникальную форму творческого процесса, требующую активного взаимодействия между различными сетями головного мозга. В отличие от исполнения заранее выученных музыкальных партий, импровизация характеризуется сниженной функциональной связанностью между сетями исполнительного контроля (ECN) и сетью пассивного режима (DMN), что позволяет восходящим процессам направлять творческое поведение. Этот феномен, известный как гипофронтальность, способствует уменьшению когнитивного контроля и облегчает спонтанную генерацию идей. Целью данного обзора является анализ возможных нейронных механизмов, лежащих в основе музыкальной импровизации, с опорой на исследования, проведенные в различных музыкальных жанрах, и в первую очередь – в джазе. Результаты исследований показали, что при импровизации ослабевает когнитивный контроль, что позволяет музыкантам генерировать новые музыкальные идеи с минимальным вмешательством со стороны исполнительных функций. В то же время исполнение заранее выученной музыки требует более высокого уровня когнитивной оценки и контроля, что связано с более высокой функциональной связанностью ECN и DMN. Особый интерес вызвало открытие, что при воображаемой импровизации активируются те же нейронные сети, что и при реальном исполнении, что подчеркивает важность самореферентных процессов в творчестве. Полученные данные подтверждают гипотезу о том, что импровизация активирует уникальные нейронные механизмы, способствующие спонтанному творчеству и свободному потоку идей.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>neural networks</kwd><kwd>hypofrontality</kwd><kwd>functional connectivity of the brain</kwd><kwd>default mode network</kwd><kwd>executive control network</kwd><kwd>neurobiology of creativity</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нейронные сети</kwd><kwd>гипофронтальность</kwd><kwd>функциональная связанность мозга</kwd><kwd>сеть пассивного режима</kwd><kwd>сеть исполнительного контроля</kwd><kwd>нейробиология творчества</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Beaty R.E. The neuroscience of musical improvisation. 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