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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">I.P. Pavlov Journal of Higher Nervous Activity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">I.P. Pavlov Journal of Higher Nervous Activity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Журнал высшей нервной деятельности им. И.П. Павлова</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0044-4677</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5316</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">682788</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0044467725010054</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ФИЗИОЛОГИЯ ВЫСШЕЙ НЕРВНОЙ (КОГНИТИВНОЙ) &#13;
ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ЧЕЛОВЕКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЗИОЛОГИЯ ВЫСШЕЙ НЕРВНОЙ (КОГНИТИВНОЙ) ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ЧЕЛОВЕКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Influence of math anxiety on the performance of arithmetic operations at unconscious level</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние математической тревожности на выполнение арифметических операций на неосознаваемом уровне</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Knyazeva</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Князева</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>v.m.knyazeva@spbu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Polyakova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полякова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>v.m.knyazeva@spbu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorov</surname><given-names>D. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федоров</surname><given-names>Д. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>v.m.knyazeva@spbu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sitnikova</surname><given-names>D. D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ситникова</surname><given-names>Д. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>v.m.knyazeva@spbu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Alexandrov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Александров</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>v.m.knyazeva@spbu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-01-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>75</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>54</fpage><lpage>67</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-06-04"><day>04</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://innoscience.ru/0044-4677/article/view/682788">https://innoscience.ru/0044-4677/article/view/682788</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Math anxiety (MA) is associated with concern and fear about mathematical tasks. The aim of the study was to investigate the electrophysiological correlates of conscious and unconscious processes during the performance of mathematical operations depending on the level of mathematical anxiety. Participants were presented with addition problems followed by correct and incorrect answers. Participants with low level of MA demonstrated significantly more positive amplitude of event-related potentials when presented with the correct answer compared to the incorrect one in the interval from 200–300 ms after the solution presentation onset (N400/P300 wave), both in the conscious (unmasked presentation) and unconscious perception blocks (masked presentation). In the group of participants with high level of MA, such a difference was observed only in the conscious perception condition. Additionally, participants with high level of MA showed a significant difference between correct and incorrect answers in the interval from 450–650 ms during unconscious perception of problems, indicating the presence of an arithmetic effect in the late positive component (LPC) wave. Thus, the obtained results may indicate the predominant use of procedural strategies when solving simple problems by participants with a high level of MA. Participants with a low level of MA demonstrate correlates of automatic retrieval of the answer directly from long-term memory even with unconscious perception of stimuli.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Проявление математической тревожности (МТ) связывают с беспокойством и страхом перед выполнением математических задач. Целью исследования было изучить электрофизиологические корреляты осознаваемых и неосознаваемых процессов при выполнении простых арифметических операций в зависимости от уровня математической тревожности участников эксперимента. Участникам эксперимента предъявлялись примеры на сложение и следующие за ними правильные и неправильные ответы. Участники эксперимента с низким уровнем МТ как в блоке с замаскированным, так и в блоке с незамаскированным предъявлением примеров демонстрируют достоверное увеличение амплитуды вызванных потенциалов при предъявлении правильного ответа по сравнению с неправильным на интервале 300–400 мс (волна N400/P300). В группе участников эксперимента с высоким уровнем МТ такое различие наблюдается только при осознаваемом восприятии (незамаскированное предъявление примеров). Участники эксперимента c высоким уровнем МТ показывают достоверную разницу между правильными и неправильными ответами на интервале 450–650 мс при неосознаваемом восприятии примеров, что позволяет говорить о наличии арифметического эффекта волны LPC (late positive component). Таким образом, полученные результаты могут свидетельствовать о преимущественном использовании процедурных стратегий при решении простых примеров участниками эксперимента с высоким уровнем МТ. С другой стороны, участники эксперимента с низким уровнем МТ демонстрируют корреляты автоматического извлечения ответа напрямую из долговременной памяти даже при неосознаваемом восприятии стимулов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>math anxiety</kwd><kwd>arithmetic</kwd><kwd>N400</kwd><kwd>P300</kwd><kwd>late positive component</kwd><kwd>attention</kwd><kwd>masked priming</kwd><kwd>unconscious perception</kwd><kwd>arithmetic verification task</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>математическая тревожность</kwd><kwd>арифметика</kwd><kwd>N400</kwd><kwd>P300</kwd><kwd>поздний позитивный компонент</kwd><kwd>внимание</kwd><kwd>замаскированный прайминг</kwd><kwd>неосознаваемое восприятие</kwd><kwd>задача арифметической верификации</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный фонд</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>23-78-01220</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Будакова А.В., Лиханов М.В., Блониевски Т., Малых С.Б., Ковас Ю.В. 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