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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">I.P. Pavlov Journal of Higher Nervous Activity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">I.P. Pavlov Journal of Higher Nervous Activity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Журнал высшей нервной деятельности им. И.П. Павлова</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0044-4677</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5316</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">685027</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0044467725030041</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ФИЗИОЛОГИЯ ВЫСШЕЙ НЕРВНОЙ (КОГНИТИВНОЙ) &#13;
ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ЧЕЛОВЕКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЗИОЛОГИЯ ВЫСШЕЙ НЕРВНОЙ (КОГНИТИВНОЙ) ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ЧЕЛОВЕКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Lower limb muscle activity during neurointerface control: neurointerface based on motor imagery of feet dorsiflexion</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Активность мышц нижних конечностей в условиях управления нейроинтерфейсом: нейроинтерфейс, основанный на воображении тыльного сгибания стоп</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Reshetnikova</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Решетникова</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>3069@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bobrova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Боброва</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>3069@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Grishin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гришин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>3069@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vershinina</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вершинина</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>3069@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogacheva</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богачёва</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>3069@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chsherbakova</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щербакова</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>3069@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Isaev</surname><given-names>M. R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Исаев</surname><given-names>М. Р.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>3069@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bobrov</surname><given-names>P. D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бобров</surname><given-names>П. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>3069@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gerasimenko</surname><given-names>Yu. P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Герасименко</surname><given-names>Ю. П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>3069@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУН Институт физиологии РАН им. И.П. Павлова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт высшей нервной деятельности и нейрофизиологии РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Translational Medicine of Pirogov of Russian National Research Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-05-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>75</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>313</fpage><lpage>326</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-06-17"><day>17</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://innoscience.ru/0044-4677/article/view/685027">https://innoscience.ru/0044-4677/article/view/685027</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Neurorehabilitation of motor functions using a neurointerface (BCI) with feedback is a modern promising area of research. However, there is very little data on muscle activity during the motor imagery of lower limb – an important aspect of rehabilitation. The EMG activity of the lower limb muscles was studied in 42 healthy participants which control BCI, based on kinesthetic motor imagery of dorsiflexion of the feet and supplemented by a robotic device for moving the limbs “Biokin” (mechanotherapy), activated in case of successful motor imagery. It is shown that BCI control leads to an increase in the activity (averaged all over the participants) of the muscle, whose movement provides an imaginary movement in reality – the tibialis anterior (TA). In addition, the activity of the gastrocnemius muscle – the antagonist of TA – increases, which is apparently associated with the instruction to imagine, but not to make a movement. Activation of the mechanical training device (AM) additionally increases TA EMG (up to 100-200%) and weakly but significantly (by 3–5%) reduces the activity of the thigh muscles (quadriceps and left biceps). Therefore, AM increases the targeting of the downward signal that occurs during the motor imagery. Muscle reactions to the motor imagery are individual. Thus, the use of BCI based on the motor imagery of dorsiflexion of the feet and the use of the mechanical training device, which ensures the closure of the feedback loop when imagining this movement, contributes to the targeted activation of TA – the muscle that provides dorsiflexion of the foot, which is important for the clinical rehabilitation of paretic foot movements.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Нейрореабилитация двигательных функций с помощью нейроинтерфейса с обратной связью – современное перспективное направление исследований. Однако в литературе имеется очень мало данных о степени активации мышц во время воображения движений нижних конечностей, что является немаловажным аспектом в реабилитации. Работа посвящена анализу ЭМГ-активности мышц нижних конечностей 42 здоровых участников эксперимента при работе с нейроинтерфейсом, основанным на кинестетическом воображении тыльного сгибания стоп и дополненным робототехническим устройством перемещения конечностей «Биокин» (механотренажер), активируемым в случае успешного воображения движений. Показано, что работа с нейроинтерфейсом в среднем по всем участникам эксперимента приводит к увеличению на 50–70% активности мышцы, движение которой обеспечивает в реальности воображаемое движение, – передней большеберцовой мышцы (tibialis anterior, TA). Кроме того, увеличивается активность икроножной мышцы – антагониста TA, что связано, по-видимому, с инструкцией воображать, но не делать движение. Активация механотренажера (АМ) дополнительно увеличивает ЭМГ-активность TA (до 100–200%) и слабо, но значимо (на 3–5%) уменьшает активность мышц бедра (четырехглавых и левой двуглавой мышцы). Следовательно, АМ увеличивает адресность воздействия нисходящего сигнала, возникающего при воображении движения. Реакции мышц на воображение движения являются индивидуальными. Таким образом, применение нейроинтерфейсов, основанных на воображении тыльного сгибания стоп, и использование механотренажера, обеспечивающего замыкание петли обратной связи при воображении этого движения, способствует адресной активации TA – мышцы, обеспечивающей тыльное сгибание стопы, что имеет значение для клинической реабилитации движений паретичной стопы.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>neurointerface</kwd><kwd>BCI</kwd><kwd>mechanical training device</kwd><kwd>EMG</kwd><kwd>motor imagery</kwd><kwd>feet dorsiflexion</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нейроинтерфейс</kwd><kwd>механотренажер</kwd><kwd>ЭМГ-активность</kwd><kwd>воображение движений</kwd><kwd>тыльное сгибание стопы</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Правительство РФ</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">The Russian Government</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>1021062411782-5-3.1.8</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Министерство науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Ministry of Science And Higher Education of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Боброва Е.В., Решетникова В.В., Вершининa Е.А., Гришин А.А., Фролов А.А., Герасименко Ю.П. 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