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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">I.P. Pavlov Journal of Higher Nervous Activity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">I.P. Pavlov Journal of Higher Nervous Activity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Журнал высшей нервной деятельности им. И.П. Павлова</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0044-4677</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5316</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">692563</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0044467725050037</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ И ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Studying task-modulated functional connectivity using functional magnetic resonance imaging</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Изучение контекстно-зависимых функциональных связей с помощью функциональной магнитно-резонансной томографии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Masharipov</surname><given-names>R. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Машарипов</surname><given-names>Р. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>masharipov@ihb.spb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Didour</surname><given-names>M. D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дидур</surname><given-names>М. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>masharipov@ihb.spb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Cherednichenko</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чередниченко</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>masharipov@ihb.spb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kireev</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киреев</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>masharipov@ihb.spb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.P. Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain, RAS</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУН Институт мозга человека им. Н. П. Бехтеревой РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-10-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>75</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 75, NO5 (2025)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 75, №5 (2025)</issue-title><fpage>530</fpage><lpage>552</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-10-08"><day>08</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://innoscience.ru/0044-4677/article/view/692563">https://innoscience.ru/0044-4677/article/view/692563</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Over the past decade, the main focus in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies on the structural and functional organization of the human brain has shifted from functional segregation, i. e., the functional specialization of individual brain structures, to functional integration, i. e., the collective activity of the brain systems. Currently, the most common type of fMRI study is the resting-state functional connectivity studies, due to the relative ease of obtaining and statistically analyzing data. At the same time, growing attention is paid to dynamic changes of functional connections during task performance. In this review, we briefly describe the nature of functional connectivity measured using fMRI, review existing task-modulated functional connectivity methods, and provide practical recommendations for choosing a statistical analysis method and planning the fMRI task design. In conclusion, we will discuss the significance and prospects of studying task-modulated functional connectivity for fundamental research into the systemic organization of the human brain in health and pathology.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В последнее десятилетие в области исследований структурно-функциональной организации головного мозга человека с использованием функциональной магнитно-резонансной томографии (фМРТ) основное внимание сместилось от изучения функциональной сегрегации, т. е. функциональной специализации отдельных структур мозга, к изучению функциональной интеграции, т. е. системной деятельности мозга. На данный момент благодаря относительной простоте получения и статистического анализа данных наиболее распространенным видом такого рода фМРТ-исследований является анализ функциональной связности между областями мозга в состоянии спокойного бодрствования. В то же время все больше внимания уделяется изучению динамических изменений функциональных связей при выполнении различных тестовых заданий, т. е. изучению функционального коннектома не только в покое, но и во время активной деятельности. В данном обзоре мы опишем природу функциональной связности, измеряемой с помощью метода фМРТ, перечислим существующие статистические методы для анализа контекстно-зависимой функциональной связности и дадим практические рекомендации по выбору метода анализа и планированию дизайна тестового задания. В заключение мы обсудим значимость и перспективы изучения модуляции функциональных связей при выполнении тестовых заданий для фундаментальных исследований системной организации головного мозга человека в норме и при патологии.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>fMRI</kwd><kwd>functional connectivity</kwd><kwd>human connectome</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фМРТ</kwd><kwd>функциональная связность</kwd><kwd>коннектом человека</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке гранта РНФ № 24-75-00165.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Анохин К.В. Когнитом: в поисках фундаментальной нейронаучной теории сознания. Журнал высшей нервной деятельности им И.П. Павлова. 2021. 71 (1): 39–71. https://doi.org/10.31857/s0044467721010032</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Бернштейн Н.А. 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