Science and Innovations in MedicineScience and Innovations in MedicineНаука и инновации в медицине2500-13882618-754XFSBEI of Higher Education SamSMU of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation10626310.35693/2500-1388-2023-8-1-39-44Occupational medicineМедицина трудаResearch ArticleProfessional burnout of medical workers in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic as a risk factor for mental healthПрофессиональное выгорание медицинских работников: пандемия COVID-19 как фактор опасного влияния на психическое здоровьеhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4130-492XSazonovaOlga V.СазоноваОльга Викторовна
Russian Federation

PhD, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Food Hygiene with the Course of Hygiene of Children and Adolescents

д-р мед. наук, доцент, заведующая кафедрой гигиены питания с курсом гигиены детей и подростков

o.v.sazonova@samsmu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0897-7700GavryushinMikhail Yu.ГаврюшинМихаил Юрьевич
Russian Federation

PhD, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Food Hygiene with the Course of Hygiene of Children and Adolescents

канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры гигиены питания с курсом гигиены детей и подростков

m.yu.gavryushin@samsmu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0780-7336KuvshinovaNataliya Yu.КувшиноваНаталия Юрьевна
Russian Federation

PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Pedagogy, Psychology and Psycholinguistics

канд. психол. наук, доцент кафедры педагогики, психологии и психолингвистики

n.yu.kuvshinova@samsmu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5459-691XOstryakovaNatalia A.ОстряковаНаталья Александровна
Russian Federation

Resident of the Department of Occupational Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology n.a. Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation Professor V.V. Kosarev

ординатор кафедры профессиональных болезней и клинической фармакологии им. з.д.н. РФ профессора В.В. Косарева

kosm-90@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1667-737XBabanovSergey A.БабановСергей Анатольевич
Russian Federation

PhD, Professor, Head of the Department of Occupational Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology n.a. Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation Professor V.V. Kosarev

д-р мед. наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой профессиональных болезней и клинической фармакологии им. з.д.н. РФ профессора В.В. Косарева

s.a.babanov@mail.ruSamara State Medical UniversityФГБОУ ВО «Самарский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России110220238139441404202219052022Copyright ©; 2023, Sazonova O.V., Gavryushin M.Y., Kuvshinova N.Y., Ostryakova N.A., Babanov S.A.Copyright ©; 2023, Сазонова О.В., Гаврюшин М.Ю., Кувшинова Н.Ю., Острякова Н.А., Бабанов С.А.2023Sazonova O.V., Gavryushin M.Y., Kuvshinova N.Y., Ostryakova N.A., Babanov S.A.Сазонова О.В., Гаврюшин М.Ю., Кувшинова Н.Ю., Острякова Н.А., Бабанов С.А.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://innoscience.ru/2500-1388/article/view/106263

The paper presents an analysis of the literature on the problem of professional burnout syndrome in medical workers, presented in the Scientific Electronic Library (eLibrary), as well as in the English-language text database of medical and biological publications PubMed.

The novel coronavirus infection pandemic is associated with many factors contributing to formation and development of professional burnout in medical workers. The risk factors are: high workload, lack of PPE, threat and risk of contracting a new coronavirus infection, social isolation, insufficiency (at the first stage) of accumulated knowledge about the new little-studied disease.

В работе представлен анализ литературных источников, посвященных проблеме синдрома профессионального выгорания у медицинских работников, представленных в Научной электронной библиотеке eLibrary, а также в англоязычной текстовой базе данных медицинских и биологических публикаций PubMed.

Выявлено множество причин и факторов, под влиянием которых происходит формирование и развитие профессионального выгорания у медицинских работников. К таковым относятся высокая рабочая нагрузка, отсутствие и нехватка средств индивидуальной защиты, угроза и риск заражения новой коронавирусной инфекцией, социальная изоляция, недостаточность (на первом этапе) накопленных знаний о новом малоизученном заболевании.

professional burnouthealthcare workersпрофессиональное выгораниемедицинские работникиMaslach C. Burnout: a social psychological analysis. In: The Burnout Syndrome: Current Research, Theory, Interventions. London, 1992:30-53.Dorofeeva E.A. Burnout syndrome as a type of professional personality deformation. International academic bulletin. 2018;27:30-32. (In Russ.). [Дорофеева Е.А. Синдром эмоционального выгорания как вид профессиональной деформации личности. Международный академический вестник. 2018;27:30-32].Chutko LS, Kozina NV. Burnout syndrome. Clinical and psychological aspects. М., 2014. (In Russ.). [Чутко Л.С., Козина Н.В. Синдром эмоционального выгорания. Клинические и психологические аспекты. М., 2014].Freidenberger НJ. Staff burn-out. J of Social Issues. 1974;30:159-165.Babanov SA. Profession and stress: emotional burnout syndrome. Energy: economics, technology, ecology. 2010;10:74-79. (In Russ.). [Бабанов С.А. Профессия и стресс: синдром эмоционального выгорания. Энергия: экономика, техника, экология. 2010;10:74-79].Vodopyanova NE. Burnout syndrome in communicative professions. In: Health Psychology. SPb., 2000:443-463. (In Russ.). [Водопьянова Н.Е. Синдром психического выгорания в коммуникативных профессиях. В кн.: Психология здоровья. СПб., 2000:443-463].Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, et al. China Novel Coronavirus Investigating and Research Team. A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(8):727-33. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2001017Wu YC, Chen CS, Chan YJ. The outbreak of COVID-19: An overview. J Chin Med Assoc. 2020;83(3):217-20. doi: 10.1097/JCMA.0000000000000270Opening address by the Director-General at a COVID-19 press briefing on March 11, 2020. Published online at WHO. https://www.who.int/ru/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-onCOVID-19Sulkowski L. COVID-19 pandemic; recession, virtual revolution leading to de-globalization? J Intercult Manag. 2020;12:1-11. doi: 10.2478/joim-2020-0029Vieira CM, Franco OH, Restrepo CG, Abel T. COVID-19: The forgotten priorities of the pandemic. Maturitas. 2020;136:38-41. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.04.004Macintyrea CR. On a knife’s edge of a COVID-19 pandemic: is containment still possible. Public Health Res Pract. 2020;30(1):3012000. doi: 10.17061/phrp3012000.Brooks SK, Webster RK, Smith LE, et al. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. Lancet. 2020;395:912-920. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y. Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to Coronavirus Disease 2019. JAMA Network Open. 2020;3(3):e203976. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976Khan S, Siddique R, Bai AAQ, et al. The spread of novel coronavirus has created an alarming situation worldwide. J Infect Public Health. 2020;13(4):469-71. doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.03.005Sun N, Shi S, Jiao D. A Qualitative study on the psychological experience of caregivers of COVID-19 patients. Am J Infect Control. 2020;48(6):592-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2020.03.018Yin X, Zeng L. A study on the psychological needs of nurses caring for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 from the perspective of the existence, relatedness, and growth theory. Int J Nurs Sci. 2020;7(2):157-160. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnss.2020.04.002Misra A. Doctors and healthcare workers at frontline of COVID 19 epidemic: admiration, a pat on the back, and need for extreme caution. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2020;14(3):255-6. doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.03.006Alsubaie S, Temsah MH, Al-Eyadhy AA, et al. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus epidemic impact on healthcare workers’ risk perceptions, work and personal lives. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2019;13:920-926. doi: 10.3855/jidc.11753Perlis RH. Exercising Heart and Head in Managing Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wuhan. JAMA Network Open. 2020;3(3):e204006. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.4006Kang L, Ma S, Chen M, et al. Impact on mental health and perceptions of psychological care among medical and nursing staff in Wuhan during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak: a cross sectional study. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;87:11-7. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.028Goulia P, Mantas C, Dimitroula D, et al. General hospital staff worries, perceived sufficiency of information and associated psychological distress during the A/H1N1 influenza pandemic. BMC Infect Dis. 2010;10:322. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-10-322Vyas KJ, Delaney EM, Webb-Murphy JA, Johnston SL. Psychological Impact of Deploying in Support of the U.S. Response to Ebola: a systematic review and meta-analysis of past outbreaks. Military Med. 2016;181(11-12):1515-31. doi: 10.7205/MILMED-D-15-00473Maunder RG, Lancee WJ, Balderson KE. Long-term psychological and occupational effects of providing hospital healthcare during SARS outbreak. Emerg Infect Dis. 2006;2(12):924-32. doi: 10.3201/eid1212.060584Chan AOM, Huak CY. Psychological impact of the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak on healthcare workers in a medium size regional general hospital in Singapore. Occup Med (Lond). 2004;54(3):190-6. doi: 10.1093/occmed/kqh027Nickell LA, Crighton EJ, Tracy CS. Psychosocial effects of SARS on hospital staff: survey of a large tertiary care institution. CMAJ. 2004;170(5):793-8. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.1031077Tam CW, Pang EP, Lam LC, Chiu HF. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Hong Kong in 2003: stress and psychological impact among healthcare workers. Psychol Med. 2004;34(7):1197-204. doi: 10.1017/s0033291704002247Khalid I, Khalid TJ, Qabajah MR, et al. Healthcare Workers Emotions, Perceived Stressors and Coping Strategies During MERS-CoV Outbreak. Clin Med Res. 2016;14(1):7-14. doi: 10.3121/cmr.2016.1303Tam CW, Pang EP, Lam LC, Chiu HF. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Hong Kong in 2003: stress and psychological impact among healthcare workers. Psychol Med. 2004;34(7):1197-204. doi: 10.1017/s0033291704002247Park JS, Lee EH, Park NR, Choi YH. Mental health of nurses working at a government-designated hospital during a MERS-CoV outbreak: a cross-sectional study. Arch Psychiatr Nurs. 2018;32:2-6. doi: 10.1016/j.apnu.2017.09.006Duan L, Zhu G: Psychological interventions for people affected by the COVID-19 epidemic. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7:300-302. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30073-0Xiao H. The effects of social support on sleep quality of medical staff treating patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in January and February 2020 in China. Med Sci Monit. 2020;26:e923549-1–e923549-8. doi: 10.12659/MSM.923549Kang L, Li Y, Hu S, et al. The mental health of medical workers in Wuhan, China dealing with the 2019 novel coronavirus. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7(3):e14. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30047-XLiu C-Y, Yang Y-z, Zhang X-M, et al. The prevalence and inf l uencing factors for anxiety in medical workers fi ghting COVID-19 in China: a cross-sectional survey. Available at SSRN 3548781. 2020;148:e98. doi: 10.1017/S0950268820001107Lu W, Wang H, Lin Y, et al. Psychological status of medical workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study. Psychiatry Res. 2020;288:112936. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112936Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, et al.; China Novel Coronavirus Investigating and Research Team. A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med. 2020 Feb 20;382(8):727-33. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2001017Guo J, Liao L, Wang B, et al. Psychological effects of COVID-19 on hospital staff: a national cross-sectional survey of China Mainland. SSRN Electronic Journal. 2020. In press. doi: 10.2139/ssrn.35500502020Dai Y, Hu G, Xiong H, et al. Psychological impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak on healthcare workers in China. MedRxiv. 2020. In press. doi: 10.1101/2020.03.03.20030874Simione L, Gnagnarella C. Differences between health workers and general population in risk perception, behaviors, and psychological distress related to COVID-19 spread in Italy. PsyArXiv. 2020. In press. doi: 10.31234/osf.io/84d2cZhang SX, Liu J, Afshar Jahanshahi A, et al. At the height of the storm: healthcare staff’s health conditions and job satisfaction and their associated predictors during the epidemic peak of COVID-19. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;87:144-6. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.010Delgado D, Wyss Quintana F, Perez G, et al. Personal safety during the COVID-19 pandemic: realities and perspectives of healthcare workers in Latin America. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(8):2798. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17082798Prescott K, Baxter E, Lynch C, et al. COVID-19: How prepared are front line healthcare workers in England? J Hosp Infect. 2020;105(2):142-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.04.031Suleiman A, Bsisu I, Guzu H, et al. Preparedness of frontline doctors in Jordan healthcare facilities to COVID-19 outbreak. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(9):3181. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17093181Chew NWS, Lee GKH, Tan BYQ, et al. A multinational, multicentre study on the psychological outcomes and associated physical symptoms amongst healthcare workers during COVID-19 outbreak. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;88:559-65. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.049Jiang N, Jia X, Qiu Z, et al. The Influence of efficacy beliefs on interpersonal loneliness among frontline healthcare workers during the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in China: a cross-sectional study. SSRN. 2020. In press. doi: 10.2139/ssrn.3552645Badahdah AM, Khamis F, Mahyijari NA. The psychological well-being of physicians during COVID-19 outbreak in Oman. Psychiatry Res. 2020;289:113053. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113053Wu Y, Wang J, Luo C, et al. A comparison of burnout frequency among oncology physicians and nurses working on the front lines and usual wards during the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan, China. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2020;60(1):e60-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.04.008Cao J, Wei J, Zhu H, et al. A study of basic needs and psychological wellbeing of medical workers in the fever clinic of a tertiary general hospital in Beijing during the COVID-19 outbreak. Psychother Psychosom. 2020:1-3. doi: 10.1159/000507453Huang Y, Zhao N. Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey. Psychiatry Res. 2020;288:112954. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112954Liu Q, Luo D, Haase JE, et al. The experiences of health-care providers during the COVID-19 crisis in China: a qualitative study. Lancet Glob Health. 2020;8(6):e790-8. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30204-7Sun N, Wei L, Shi S, et al. A qualitative study on the psychological experience of caregivers of COVID-19 patients. Am J Infect Control. 2020;48(6):592-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2020.03.018Sethi BA, Sethi A, Ali S, et al. Impact of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic on health professionals. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(COVID19-S4). doi: 10.12669/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2779Jin YH, Huang Q, Wang YY, et al. Perceived infection transmission routes, infection control practices, psychosocial changes, and management of COVID-19 infected healthcare workers in a tertiary acute care hospital in Wuhan: a cross-sectional survey. Mil Med Res. 2020;7(1):24. doi: 10.1186/s40779-020-00254-8