Science and Innovations in MedicineScience and Innovations in Medicine2500-13882618-754XFSBEI of Higher Education SamSMU of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation11074210.35693/2500-1388-2022-7-3-148-154Research ArticleCurrent data on the development of tongue in prenatal period of human ontogenesisAlekseevaTatyana A.<p>assistant of the Department of Human Anatomy</p>toncks666@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2243-3574LutsayElena D.<p>PhD, Professor, Department of Human Anatomy</p>elut@list.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7401-6502Orenburg State Medical University04092022731481540309202203092022Copyright © 2022, Alekseeva T.A., Lutsay E.D.2022<p>The timely diagnosis and treatment of maxillofacial pathologies where the tongue plays an important role requires an accurate description of the organs structure and development.</p>
<p>The paper presents a review of the current research data on the features of embryonic development, macro- and microanatomy, morphometry and ultrasound anatomy of the human tongue during the prenatal development. The selected papers, published in the Russian and English languages, cover the period of the last decade. We generalized the obtained data using the empirical and theoretical approaches.</p>
<p>The macroscopic study of the external structure of the tongue was underrepresented in the current studies, usually performed in combination with morphometry. The studies of histotopograms in combination with histochemical methods were numerous, contributing to the more detailed classification of the tongue development stages. The selected papers focused on the period of human embryonic development and the correlating histological characteristics of the tongue. The morphometric characteristics and the blood supply of the tongue in the prenatal period require further research.</p>tongueembryologyanatomymorphometryintravital imagingязыкэмбриологияанатомияморфометрияприжизненная визуализация[Cobourne MT, Iseki S, Birjandi AA, et al. How to make a tongue: Cellular and molecular regulation of muscle and connective tissue formation during mammalian tongue development. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2019;91:45-54. doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.04.016][Dursun A, Kastamonı Y, Kacaroglu D, et al. Morphometric development of the tongue in fetal cadavers. Surg Radiol Anat. 2020;42(1):3-8. doi: 10.1007/s00276-019-02301-z][Mangold AR, Torgerson RR, Rogers RS. 3rd. Diseases of the tongue. Clin Dermatol. 2016;34 (4):458-469. doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2016.02.018][Hong SJ, Cha BG, Kim YS, et al. Tongue Growth during Prenatal Development in Korean Fetuses and Embryos. J Pathol Transl Med. 2015;49(6):497-510. doi: 10.4132/jptm.2015.09.17][Hutchinson EF, Kieser JA, Kramer B. Morphometric growth relationships of the immature human mandible and tongue. Eur J Oral Sci. 2014;122(3):181-189. doi: 10.1111/eos.12126][Parada C, Chai Y. Mandible and Tongue Development. Curr Top Dev Biol. 2015;115:31-58. doi: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2015.07.023][Barlow LA. Progress and renewal in gustation: new insights into taste bud development. Development. 2015;142(21):3620-3629. doi: 10.1242/dev.120394][Lu JW, LuD, Zhang XL, et al. Clinical outcomes of prenatal diagnosis of the fetal micrognathia: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020;99(4):e18648. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000018648][Resnick CM, Estroff JA, Kooiman TD, et al. Pathogenesis of Cleft Palate in Robin Sequence: Observations From Prenatal Magnetic Resonance Imaging. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2018;76 (5):1058-1064. doi: 10.1016/j.joms.2017.10.006][Venchikova NA, Ershova-Pavlova AA, Novikova IV, et al. Modern approach to prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of anomalies in the development of the orofacial region. Reproductive Health. Eastern Europe. 2022;1(12):29-37. (In Russ.). [Венчикова Н.А., Ершова-Павлова А.А., Новикова И.В., и др. Современный подход к пренатальной ультразвуковой диагностике аномалий развития орофациальной области. Репродуктивное здоровье. Восточная Европа. 2022;1(12):29-37]. doi: 10.34883/PI.2022.12.1.003][Starikova NV, Nadtochij AG, Ageeva MI. Prenatal diagnosis of cleft palate by structural features and function of the tongue. Stomatology. 2013;92(1):70-75. (In Russ.). [Старикова Н.В., Надточий А.Г., Агеева М.И. Пренатальная диагностика расщелины неба по структурным особенностям и функции языка. Стоматология. 2013;92(1):70-75].][D'Ambrosio V, Vena F, Manganaro L, et al. Fetal tongue posture associated with micrognathia: An ultrasound marker of cleft secondary palate? J Clin Ultrasound. 2020;48(1):48-51. doi: 10.1002/jcu.22784][Abramjan MA. Open and puncture fetal surgery in modern obstetrics. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2014;1:3-8. (In Russ.). [Абрамян М.А. Открытая и пункционная хирургия плода в современном акушерстве. Акушерство и гинекология. 2014;1:3-8].][Altynnik NA, Kubrina MV. Prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of rare lethal complexes on the example of four cases and a review of the literature. Prenatal diagnosis. 2019;1(18):27-34. (In Russ.). [Алтынник Н.А., Кубрина М.В. Пренатальная ультразвуковая диагностика редких летальных комплексов на примере четырех случаев и обзор литературы. Пренатальная диагностика. 2019;1(18):27-34]. doi: 0.21516/2413-1458-2019-18-1-27-34][Baranov VS. Applied and fundamental directions of prenatal diagnostics. Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases. 2012;3(61):54-60. (In Russ.). [Баранов В.С. Прикладное и фундаментальное направления пренатальной диагностики. Журнал акушерства и женских болезней. 2012;3(61):54-60]. doi: 10.17816/JOWD61354-60][Bashmakova NV. Correction of fetal pathology by methods of intrauterine surgery. Bulletin of Roszdravnadzor. 2016;3:19-26. (In Russ.). [Башмакова Н.В. Коррекция патологии плода методами внутриутробной хирургии. Вестник Росздравнадзора. 2016;3:19-26].][Chapman MC, Soares BP, LiY, et al. Congenital Oral Masses: An Anatomic Approach to Diagnosis. Radiographics. 2019;39(4):1143-1160. doi: 10.1148/rg.2019180128][Idrisov RA, Bondarenko OM, Golubeva IA, et al. Morphogenesis of human stomodeum in the embryonic period. Morfologiia. 2014;3(145):81-82. (In Russ.). [Идрисов Р.А., Бондаренко О.М., Голубева И.А., и др. Морфогенез стомодеума человека в эмбриональном периоде. Морфология. 2014;3(145):81-82].][Karlson B. Fundamentals of Embryology according to Patten: Trans. from English. Vol. 2. M.,1983. (In Russ.). [Карлсон Б. Основы эмбриологии по Пэттену: Пер. с англ. Т. 2. М.,1983.].][Lettau J, Bordoni B. Anatomy, Head and Neck, Lingual Artery. FL, USA. StatPearls Publishing, 2021.][Millington G, Elliott KH, Chang YT, et al. Cilia-dependent GLI processing in neural crest cells is required for tongue development. Dev Biol. 2017;424(2):124-137. doi: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.02.021][Neprokina AV, Lucaj ED. In approach of the development and structure of the lower jaw in human prenatal ontogenesis. Volgograd Journal of Medical Research. 2021;2:5-16. (In Russ.). [Непрокина А.В., Луцай Е.Д. К вопросу о развитии и строении нижней челюсти в пренатальном онтогенезе человека. Волгоградский научно-медицинский журнал. 2021;2:5-16].][Witt M. Anatomy and development of the human taste system. Handb Clin Neurol. 2019;164:147-171. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-63855-7.00010-1][Aguiar LS, Juliano GR, Silveira LAM, et al. Tongue development in stillborns autopsied at different gestational ages. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2018;94(6):616-623. doi: 10.1016/j.jped.2017.08.009][Kurtova AI. Prenatal differentiation and innervation of the taste receptor apparatus of the human language: dissertation of the applicant for the degree of Candidate of Biological Sciences: 03.03.04. Moscow, 2014. (In Russ.). [Куртова А.И. Пренатальная дифференцировка и иннервация вкусового рецепторного аппарата языка человека: диссертация соискателя на степень кандидата биологических наук: 03.03.04. Москва, 2014]. Internet access. URL: https://www.dissercat.com/content/prenatalnaya-differentsirovka-i-innervatsiya-vkusovogo-retseptornogo-apparata-yazyka-cheloveka][Witt K, Reutter K. Anatomy of the Tongue and Taste Buds. In: Doty RL, ed. Handbook of Olfaction and Gustation. 3rd ed. John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2015:637-554.][Bibikova AA, Pikalova LP. Age aspects of the development of the foliate papillae of the human tongue. Tverskoj medicinskij zhurnal. 2020;3:15-19. (In Russ.). [Бибикова А.А., Пикалова Л.П. Возрастные аспекты развития листовидных сосочков языка человека. Тверской медицинский журнал. 2020;3:15-19].][Solovyov GS, Yanin VL, Panteleev SM, et al. Morphogenesis of derivatives of the diencephalon, gill apparatus and stomodeum of the human embryo. Medicinskaya nauka i obrazovanie Urala. 2016;1(85):54-57. (In Russ.). [Соловьев Г.С., Янин В.Л., Пантелеев С.М., и др. Морфогенез производных промежуточного мозгового пузыря, жаберного аппарата и стомодеума эмбриона человека. Медицинская наука и образование Урала. 2016;1(85):54-57].][Berkovitz BKB, Holland GR, Moxham BJ. Oral Anatomy, Histology and Embryology. Fifth edition, Elsevier; 2018.][Zhong Z, Zhao H, Mayo J, et al. Different Requirements for Wnt Signaling in Tongue Myogenic Subpopulations. Journal of Dental Research. 2015;94(3):421-429. doi: 10.1177/0022034514566030][Logjes RJH, Breugem CC, Van Haaften G, et al. The ontogeny of Robin sequence. Am J Med Genet A. 2018;176(6):1349-1368. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38718][Bykov VL. Histology and embryonic development of the human oral cavity. M: GEOTAR-Media; 2014. (In Russ.). [Быков В.Л. Гистология и эмбриональное развитие органов полости рта человека. М: ГЭОТАР-Медиа; 2014].][Patten BM. Human embryology. Trans. from English. Moscow, 1959. (In Russ.). [Пэттен Б.М. Эмбриология человека. Пер. с англ. М.,1959].][Kurtova AI, Chernikov VP, Savel'ev SV. Early morphogenesis of ciliated cells in the human oral cavity. Russian Journal of Developmental Biology. 2013;6(44) 389-395. (In Russ.). [Куртова А.И., Черников В.П., Савельев С.В. Ранний морфогенез реснитчатых клеток в ротовой полости человека. Онтогенез. 2013;6(44) 389-395]. doi: 10.7868/S0475145013060062][Rodriguez MA, Prats P, Rodríguez I, et al. Concordance between prenatal ultrasound and autopsy findings in a tertiary center. Prenat Diagn. 2014;34(8):784-789. doi: 10.1002/pd.4368][Struksnaes C, Blaas HG, Eik-Nes SH, et al. Correlation between prenatal ultrasound and postmortem findings in 1029 fetuses following termination of pregnancy. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2016;48(2):232-238. doi: 10.1002/uog.15773][Neprokina AV, Lucaj ED, Begun DN. Macromicroscopic anatomy and micro topography of the lower jaw in fetuses 14-18 weeks. Volgograd Journal of Medical Research. 2021;4(10):48-55. (In Russ.). [Непрокина А.В., Луцай Е.Д., Бегун Д.Н. Макромикроскопическая анатомия и микротопография нижней челюсти у плодов 14-18 недель. Журнал анатомии и гистопатологии. 2021;4(10):48-55]. doi: 10.18499/2225-7357-2021-10-4-48-55][Godbole K, Bhide V, Nerune S, et al. Role of fetal autopsy as a complementary tool to prenatal ultrasound. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2014;27(16):1688-1692. doi: 10.3109/14767058.2013.872094][Kurtova AI. Morphogenesis and innervation of foliate papillae of the tongue of human fetuses. Uspehi sovremennoj biologii. 2014;11:61-63. (In Russ.). [Куртова А.И. Морфогенез и иннервация листовидных сосочков языка плодов человека. Успехи современной биологии. 2014;11:61-63].][Kurtova AI, Savel'ev SV. Primary embryonic innervation of the grooved papillae of the tongue of human fetuses. Clinical and Experimental Morphology. 2013;3(7):33-37. (In Russ.). [Куртова А.И., Савельев С.В. Первичная эмбриональная иннервация желобоватых сосочков языка плодов человека. Клиническая и экспериментальная морфология. 2013;3(7):33-37].][Bychkova IYu, Roginskij VV, Abduvosidov HA, et al. Intrauterine formation of the main vessels of the head and neck. Medicinskaya nauka i obrazovanie Urala. 2022;1(109):51-54. (In Russ.). [Бычкова И.Ю., Рогинский В.В, Абдувосидов Х.А., и др. Внутриутробное формирование магистральных сосудов головы и шеи. Медицинская наука и образование Урала. 2022;1(109):51-54]. doi: 10.36361/1814-8999-2022-23-1-51-54][Hernandez-Andrade E, Romero R. Visualization of fetal tongue circulation using Doppler ultrasound. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2020;55 (4):559-560. doi: 10.1002/uog.20393][Liu C, Qin J, Xing D, et al. Ultrasonic Measurement of Lingual Artery and Its Application for Midline Glossectomy. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2020;129(9):856-862. doi: 10.1177/0003489420913581][Venchikova NA, Ershova-Pavlova AA, Novikova IV, et al. Two- and three-dimensional echography for anomalies of the orofacial region in fetuses in the first trimester of pregnancy. Prenatal diagnosis. 2020;4(19):299-305. (In Russ.). [Венчикова Н.А., Ершова-Павлова А.А., Новикова И.В., и др. Двух- и трехмерная эхография при аномалиях орофациальной области у плодов в I триместре беременности. Пренатальная диагностика. 2020;4(19):299-305]. doi: 10.21516/2413-1458-2020-19-4-299-305][Zheleznov LM, Levanova OA, Nikiforova SA, et al. Anatomical bases of optimization of ultrasound screening studies in perinatology. Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology. 2018;7(4):20-26. (In Russ.). [Железнов Л.М., Леванова О.А., Никифорова С.А., и др. Анатомические основы оптимизации ультразвуковых скрининговых исследований в перинатологии. Журнал анатомии и гистопатологии. 2018;7(4):20-26]. doi: 10.18499/2225-7357-2018-7-4-20-26][Rossi AC, Prefumo F. Correlation between fetal autopsy and prenatal diagnosis by ultrasound: A systematic review. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2017;210:201-206. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2016.12.024][Koren N, Shust-Barequet S, Weissbach T, et al. Fetal Micro and Macroglossia: Defining Normal Fetal Tongue Size. J Ultrasound Med. 2022;10.1002/jum.15983. doi: 10.1002/jum.15983][Mak ASL, Leung KY. Prenatal ultrasonography of craniofacial abnormalities. Ultrasonography. 2019;38(1):13-24. doi: 10.14366/usg.18031][Tonni G, Grisolia G, Sepulveda W. Early prenatal diagnosis of orofacial clefts: evaluation of the retronasal triangle using a new three-dimensional reslicing technique. Fetal Diagn Ther. 2013;34(1):31-37. doi: 10.1159/000350181][Venchikova NA. New possibilities of prenatal diagnosis of orofacial clefts in the fetus in the first trimester. Reproductive Health. Eastern Europe. 2021;2(21):198-206. (In Russ.). [Венчикова Н.А. Новые возможности пренатальной диагностики орофациальных расщелин у плода в первом триместре. Репродуктивное здоровье. Восточная Европа. 2021;2(21):198-206]. doi: 10.34883/PI.2021.11.2.006][AboEllail MAM, Hata T. Fetal face as important indicator of fetal brain function. J Perinat Med. 2017;45(6):729-736. doi: 10.1515/jpm-2016-0377]