Science and Innovations in MedicineScience and Innovations in Medicine2500-13882618-754XFSBEI of Higher Education SamSMU of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation4373710.35693/2500-1388-2019-4-2-16-20Research ArticleAlzheimer’s disease as the cerebral cortex disorderVolobuevAndrei N.<p>PhD, Professor, Head of the Department of medical physics, mathematics and informatics</p>volobuev47@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8624-6981RomanchukPetr I.<p>PhD, Deputy Chief Physician in Samara Geriatric Clinical Hospital</p>volobuev47@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0603-1014BulgakovaSvetlana V.<p>PhD, Head of the Department of geriatrics and geriatric endocrinology</p>volobuev47@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0027-1786Samara State Medical UniversitySamara Clinical Geriatric Hospital1506201942162008092020Copyright © 2019, Volobuev A.N., Romanchuk P.I., Bulgakova S.V.2019<p><strong>Objectives</strong> to highlight the structure, function and localization of Alzheimers disease and to specify cognitive impairments related to it.</p>
<p><strong>Material and methods.</strong>The anatomic data of human brain structure were used.</p>
<p><strong>Results.</strong>The patterns of memory formation in the brain cortex are investigated. The brain cortex is presented as a type of syncytium consisting of elementary neural structures cyclic neuronal circuits memory elements. All cyclic neuronal circuits in a brain cortex are functionally interconnected. The connections between the neuronal circuits can be determined (imprinted) and stochastic (random). The intensity of stochastic communications defines the person's potential for creativity. The impairment of cyclic neuronal circuit connections results in either Alzheimers disease or in senile dementia of Alzheimers type.</p>
<p><strong>Conclusion.</strong>In case the cortex is considered as the syncytium, the memory storage element, it can be the reason of the human creativity. It is shown that the failure of the information transfer in the cortex syncytium or neurons destruction in the neuronal network results in Alzheimers disease or in senile dementia of Alzheimers type.</p>cyclic neuronal circuitcortex syncytiumAlzheimer’s diseaseциклическая нейронная цепьсинцитий коры головного мозгаболезнь Альцгеймера[Guyton AC, Hall JE. Textbook of Medical Physiology. Elsevier Inc., New York, USA, 2006. [Гайтон А.К., Холл Дж.Э. Медицинская физиология. Пер. с англ. М.: Логосфера, 2008:621, 807, 817].][Carola R, Harley JP, Nobac CR. Human Anatomy and Physiology. New York, London, Paris, McGraw-Hilll Publishing Company, 1990:380, 387.][Kositckii GI. Ed. [Human physiology]. M.: Meditcina, 1995:142. (In Russ.). Физиология человека. Под ред. Косицкого Г.И. М.: Медицина, 1995:142.][Hubel D, Stevens C, Kandel E, et al. The Brain. Scientific American, September, 1979 [Хьюбел Д., Стивенс Ч., Кэндел Э. и др. Мозг. Пер. с англ. М.: Мир, 1987:93, 96, 135, 260].][Rosenblatt F. The perceptron, a probabilistic model for information storage and organization in the brain. Psych Rev. 1958;65:386–408.][Hopfield JJ. Neural networks and physical systems with emergent collective computational abilities. Proceeding of the National Academy of Sciences USA. 1982;79:2554–2558.][Brown D, Rothery P. Models in Biology: Mathematics, Statistics, and Computing. Jon Wiley & Sons Ltd., Chichester, NY, 1994:618.][Masliah E, Mallory M, Hansen L. Quantitative synaptic alterations in the human neocortex during normal aging. Neurology. 1993;43:192–197.][Gibson PH. EM study of the number of cortical synapses in the brains of aging people and people with Alzheimer-type dementia. Acta Neuropathologica. 1983;62:127–133.]