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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Science and Innovations in Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Science and Innovations in Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Наука и инновации в медицине</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2500-1388</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2618-754X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">FSBEI of Higher Education SamSMU of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">43744</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35693/2500-1388-2019-4-3-19-24</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Infectious diseases</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Инфекционные болезни</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">New causative agents of respiratory tract diseases in immunocompromized patients (a review)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Новые возбудители заболеваний респираторного тракта у иммунокомпрометированных пациентов (обзор литературы)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4283-907X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ismatullin</surname><given-names>Danir D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Исматуллин</surname><given-names>Д. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>teaching assistant of the Department of general and clinical microbiology, immunology and allergology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ассистент кафедры общей и клинической микробиологии, иммунологии и аллергологии</p></bio><email>m.o.zolotov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4806-050X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zolotov</surname><given-names>Maksim O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Золотов</surname><given-names>Максим Олегович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>postgraduate student of the Department of general and clinical microbiology, immunology and allergology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>очный аспирант кафедры общей и клинической микробиологии, иммунологии и аллергологии</p></bio><email>m.o.zolotov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5905-1895</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lyamin</surname><given-names>Artem V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лямин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Associate Professor, Department of general and clinical microbiology, immunology and allergology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., доцент кафедры общей и клинической микробиологии, иммунологии и аллергологии</p></bio><email>m.o.zolotov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7424-1796</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitina</surname><given-names>Tatyana R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитина</surname><given-names>Т. Р.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Associate Professor, Department of general and clinical microbiology, immunology and allergology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., доцент кафедры общей и клинической микробиологии, иммунологии и аллергологии</p></bio><email>m.o.zolotov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0931-2038</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zheleznova</surname><given-names>Elena A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Железнова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Associate Professor, Department of general and clinical microbiology, immunology and allergology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., доцент кафедры общей и клинической микробиологии, иммунологии и аллергологии</p></bio><email>m.o.zolotov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3960-830X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhestkov</surname><given-names>Aleksandr V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жестков</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Professor, Head of the Department of general and clinical microbiology, immunology and allergology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой общей и клинической микробиологии, иммунологии и аллергологии</p></bio><email>m.o.zolotov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Samara State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Самарский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2019-09-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>09</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>4</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 4, NO3 (2019)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 4, №3 (2019)</issue-title><fpage>19</fpage><lpage>24</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-09-08"><day>08</day><month>09</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2019, Ismatullin D.D., Zolotov M.O., Lyamin A.V., Nikitina T.R., Zheleznova E.A., Zhestkov A.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2019, Исматуллин Д.Д., Золотов М.О., Лямин А.В., Никитина Т.Р., Железнова Е.А., Жестков А.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ismatullin D.D., Zolotov M.O., Lyamin A.V., Nikitina T.R., Zheleznova E.A., Zhestkov A.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Исматуллин Д.Д., Золотов М.О., Лямин А.В., Никитина Т.Р., Железнова Е.А., Жестков А.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://innoscience.ru/2500-1388/article/view/43744">https://innoscience.ru/2500-1388/article/view/43744</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The diseases of the respiratory system occupy one of the leading positions in the range of morbidities among the Russian population, both in adults and children. Partly, it is due to an increase of patients with primary and secondary immunodeficiencies, with anatomical anomalies of the respiratory tract, and other diseases of the bronchopulmonary system.</p> <p>Classical pathogens, causing the bacterial respiratory diseases, as a rule, are:<italic> Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas spp., Staphylococcus spp</italic>., as well as other representatives of the <italic>Enterobacteriacae</italic> family. But each year, the scientific literature presents more and more microorganisms – pathogens of infectious diseases of various localization in humans, the clinical significance of which has long remained poorly understood. These pathogens include representatives of large families of <italic>Corynebacteriaceae, Mycobacteriaceae, Nocardiaceae.</italic></p> <p>Clinical physicians need to consider possible disorders in the immune system in patients with respiratory impairment, as well as a wide range of pathogens affecting the respiratory tract. To manage such patients effectively, the close interaction of pulmonologists, bacteriologists, and allergologists-immunologists is important.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Поражение органов дыхания занимает одну из лидирующих позиций в структуре всех заболеваний взрослого и детского населения нашей страны. Отчасти это связано с увеличением количества пациентов с первичными и вторичными иммунодефицитами, больных с анатомическими аномалиями дыхательных путей и другими заболеваниями бронхолегочной системы.</p> <p>Классическими возбудителями, вызывающими болезни органов дыхания бактериальной природы, как правило, являются: <italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas spp., Staphylococcus spp.</italic>, а также другие представители семейства <italic>Enterobacteriacae</italic>. Но с каждым годом в научной литературе описывается все больше микроорганизмов – возбудителей инфекционных заболеваний различной локализации у человека, клиническое значение которых долгое время оставалось малоизученным. К таким патогенам относят представителей крупных семейств <italic>Corynebacteriaceae, Mycobacteriaceae, Nocardiaceae</italic>.</p> <p>Клиницистам необходимо учитывать возможные нарушения в функционировании иммунной системы у пациентов с поражением органов дыхания, а также широкий спектр возбудителей, поражающих респираторный тракт. Для успешного ведения таких больных важно тесное взаимодействие врачей-пульмонологов, бактериологов и аллергологов-иммунологов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>immunodeficiency disease</kwd><kwd>Nocardia</kwd><kwd>Grodonia</kwd><kwd>Tsukamurella</kwd><kwd>Rhodococcus</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>иммунодефицитные состояния</kwd><kwd>Nocardia</kwd><kwd>Grodonia</kwd><kwd>Tsukamurella</kwd><kwd>Rhodococcus</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Zhestkov AV, Protasov AD, Kozlova OS, et al. Infectiology. 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