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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Science and Innovations in Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Science and Innovations in Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Наука и инновации в медицине</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2500-1388</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2618-754X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">FSBEI of Higher Education SamSMU of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">595868</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35693/SIM595868</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Infectious diseases</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Инфекционные болезни</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Features of liver fibrosis in co-infections with human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B or C viruses</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Особенности течения фиброза печени при коинфекциях вирусами иммунодефицита человека и гепатитов В или С</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4152-4444</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Feoktistova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Феоктистова</surname><given-names>Екатерина Петровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>assistant of the Department of Infectious Diseases with Epidemiology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ассистент кафедры инфекционных болезней с эпидемиологией</p></bio><email>kateefratova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6177-8487</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Konstantinov</surname><given-names>Dmitry Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Константинов</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Associate professor, Head of the Department of Infectious Diseases with Epidemiology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой инфекционных болезней с эпидемиологией</p></bio><email>d.u.konstantinov@samsmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Samara State Medical Universit</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Самарский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Samara State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Самарский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-02-06" publication-format="electronic"><day>06</day><month>02</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-06-03" publication-format="electronic"><day>03</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>110</fpage><lpage>116</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-09-26"><day>26</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-10-26"><day>26</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Feoktistova E.P., Konstantinov D.Y.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Феоктистова Е.П., Константинов Д.Ю.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Feoktistova E.P., Konstantinov D.Y.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Феоктистова Е.П., Константинов Д.Ю.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://innoscience.ru/2500-1388/article/view/595868">https://innoscience.ru/2500-1388/article/view/595868</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Aim</bold> – to assess the effect of the order and time of HIV/HCV and HIV/HBV co-infections, as well as the antiretroviral therapy regimen on the progression of fibrotic changes in the liver.</p> <p><bold>Material and methods.</bold> The object of the retrospective-prospective clinical study was 204 HIV/HCV co-infected patients, and 30 HIV/HBV co-infected patients, divided into groups according to the type of viral pathogen that first entered the patient's body. The criterion for assessing the patients' condition was the type of the liver fibrous process (progressive, stable, regressing) according to the annual transient ultrasound elastography of the liver.</p> <p><bold>Results. </bold>It was found that the order of pathogens entry significantly affected the progression of liver fibrosis. The least favorable situation arose when the first pathogen was HIV, and the interval between the entry of viral pathogens into the patient's body was more than 5 years. The degree of the fibrotic process progression was also influenced by the combination of drugs with different action mechanisms for antiretroviral therapy.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion. </bold>The risk of progressive liver fibrosis in HIV/HCV co-infection patients was associated with a situation where the first infecting pathogen was HIV, and an interval between co-infections was more than 5 years. In this case, the most optimal antiretroviral therapy regimen was a combination of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors with integrase inhibitors.</p> <p>In HIV/HBV co-infection, the risk group for progressive liver fibrosis included patients having HIV as the first pathogen and an interval between co-infections 5-10 years, as well as patients having HBV as the first pathogen with an interval between the infectious agents more than 10 years. The most optimal regimen of antiretroviral therapy was a combination of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, which also have anti-HBV effect, with protease inhibitors.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Цель</bold> – оценка влияния порядка и сроков коинфицирования ВИЧ/ВГС и ВИЧ/ВГВ, а также схемы антиретровирусной терапии на прогрессирование фиброзных изменений в печени.</p> <p><bold>Материал и методы. </bold>Объектом ретроспективно-проспективного клинического исследования служили 204 человека с коинфекцией ВИЧ/ВГС и 30 человек с коинфекцией ВИЧ/ВГВ, разделенных на группы в соответствии с видом вирусного возбудителя, первым поступившим в организм пациента. Критерием оценки состояния пациентов служил характер течения фиброзного процесса в печени (прогрессирующий, стабильный, регрессирующий) по данным ежегодной транзиентной ультразвуковой эластографии печени.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Было установлено, что порядок поступления патогенов в значительной мере влияет на прогрессирование фиброза печени, при этом наименее благоприятная ситуация возникала, если первым патогеном был ВИЧ, а интервал между поступлением вирусных возбудителей в организм пациента составлял не менее 5 лет. На степень прогрессирования фиброзного процесса влияла и комбинация препаратов разного механизма действия для антиретровирусной терапии.</p> <p><bold>Выводы.</bold> У пациентов с коинфекцией ВИЧ/ВГС риск прогрессирующего течения фиброза печени связан с ситуацией, когда первым инфицирующим патогеном служит ВИЧ при интервале между коинфицированием больше 5 лет, а наиболее оптимальной схемой антиретровирусной терапии является сочетание нуклеозидных ингибиторов обратной транскриптазы с ингибиторами интегразы.</p> <p>При коинфицировании ВИЧ/ВГВ группа риска прогрессирующего течения фиброза печени включает пациентов, у которых первым патогеном служит ВИЧ при интервале между коинфицированием 5–10 лет, а также если первым патогеном был ВГВ при интервале между попаданием инфицирующих агентов больше 10 лет; наиболее оптимальной схемой антиретровирусной терапии является сочетание нуклеозидных ингибиторов обратной транскриптазы, обладающих еще и анти-ВГВ активностью, с ингибиторами протеазы.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>HIV/HCV co-infection</kwd><kwd>HIV/HBV co-infection</kwd><kwd>liver fibrosis</kwd><kwd>infection order</kwd><kwd>antiretroviral therapy</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>коинфекция ВИЧ/ВГС</kwd><kwd>коинфекция ВИЧ/ВГВ</kwd><kwd>фиброз печени</kwd><kwd>порядок инфицирования</kwd><kwd>антиретровирусная терапия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Aguilera ER, Pfeiffer JK. 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