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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Science and Innovations in Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Science and Innovations in Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Наука и инновации в медицине</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2500-1388</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2618-754X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">FSBEI of Higher Education SamSMU of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">627038</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35693/SIM627038</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Psychiatry</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Психиатрия</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Genetic biomarkers related to the population risks of posttraumatic stress disorder development: single nucleotide variants, gene interactions, and haplotypes</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Генетические маркеры, связанные с рисками развития посттравматического стрессового расстройства: однонуклеотидные варианты, взаимодействие генов и гаплотипов</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4015-3162</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gayduk</surname><given-names>Arsenii Ya.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гайдук</surname><given-names>Арсений Янович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of the Youth Laboratory on Innovations in Neuropsychiatry, International Centre for Education and Research in Neuropsychiatry</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>заведующий молодежной лабораторией инновационных технологий в нейропсихиатрии МНОЦН</p></bio><email>a.j.gayduk@samsmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3021-2130</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sustretov</surname><given-names>Aleksei S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сустретов</surname><given-names>Алексей Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of Laboratory of Human Metagenomics, Professional Center for Education and Research in Genetic and Laboratory Technologies</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>заведующий лабораторией метагеномики человека НОПЦ ГЛТ</p></bio><email>a.s.sustretov@samsmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9991-6750</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kokorev</surname><given-names>Daniil A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кокорев</surname><given-names>Даниил Андреевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Specialist of Laboratory of Human Metagenomics, Professional Center for Education and Research in Genetic and Laboratory Technologies</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>специалист лаборатории метагеномики человека НОПЦ ГЛТ</p></bio><email>d.a.kokorev@samsmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1737-6366</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsov</surname><given-names>Aleksei A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецов</surname><given-names>Алексей Анатольевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Assiatant, International Centre for Education and Research in Neuropsychiatry</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>лаборант МНОЦН</p></bio><email>talking.fish00@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9015-4203</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gonda</surname><given-names>Xenia</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гонда</surname><given-names>Ксения</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>PhD, профессор кафедры психиатрии и психотерапии</p></bio><email>kendermagos@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1471-0885</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sack</surname><given-names>Alexander T.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сак</surname><given-names>Александер T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="NL">Netherlands</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Professor of School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>PhD, профессор Школы психического здоровья и нейронаук, факультета здравоохранения, медицины и наук о жизни</p></bio><email>a.sack@maastrichtuniversity.nl</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4334-1601</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Syunyakov</surname><given-names>Timur S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сюняков</surname><given-names>Тимур Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Chief Specialist of the ICERN; Chief advisor on R&amp;D</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, главный специалист МНОЦН; советник по науке</p></bio><email>sjunja@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9591-4918</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8248-0194</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Smirnova</surname><given-names>Darya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смирнова</surname><given-names>Дарья Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Director of the International Centre for Education and Research in Neuropsychiatry</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, директор МНОЦН</p></bio><email>d.a.smirnova@samsmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Samara State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Самарский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research Institute of Public Health and Healthcare Management</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУ «Национальный исследовательский институт организации здравоохранения и медицинского менеджмента» департамента здравоохранения Москвы</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Semmelweis University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Университет Земмельвайса</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Maastricht University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Университет Маастрихта</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Mental Health</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Республиканский специализированный научно-практический медицинский центр психического здоровья</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-02-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>02</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-05-06" publication-format="electronic"><day>06</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>61</fpage><lpage>67</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-02-15"><day>15</day><month>02</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-02-27"><day>27</day><month>02</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Gayduk A.Y., Sustretov A.S., Kokorev D.A., Kuznetsov A.A., Gonda X., Sack A.T., Syunyakov T.S., Smirnova D.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Гайдук А.Я., Сустретов А.С., Кокорев Д.А., Кузнецов А.А., Гонда К., Сак А.T., Сюняков Т.С., Смирнова Д.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gayduk A.Y., Sustretov A.S., Kokorev D.A., Kuznetsov A.A., Gonda X., Sack A.T., Syunyakov T.S., Smirnova D.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гайдук А.Я., Сустретов А.С., Кокорев Д.А., Кузнецов А.А., Гонда К., Сак А.T., Сюняков Т.С., Смирнова Д.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://innoscience.ru/2500-1388/article/view/627038">https://innoscience.ru/2500-1388/article/view/627038</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The increasing relevance of PTSD issues is associated with the escalation of military conflicts worldwide. Complex biological mechanisms also play a significant role in the pathogenesis of PTSD, including those changes observed in the hippocampus and other brain structures.</p> <p><bold>Aim</bold> – to identify the most significant genetic markers predisposing the risk of PTSD manifestation, which could contribute to the development of targeted interventions focusing on the preventive measures and treatment strategies of this disorder.</p> <p>A literature search was conducted in the PubMed database using keywords related to the genetics of PTSD, with a publication time restriction from 2018 to 2023. Out of 623 papers, 20 articles met the inclusion criteria, describing molecular-genetic and statistical data, and the sample size of at least 60 patients with a verified PTSD diagnosis, were reviewed and analyzed in detail.</p> <p>The studies revealed significant associations between PTSD occurrence and single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in the FKBP5 and CRHR1 genes. Particular attention was paid to the interactions between SNVs of different genes and their association with the severity of PTSD clinical manifestations.</p> <p><bold>Conclusions.</bold> Genetic markers, in particular, SNVs in the FKBP5 (rs9470080) and CRHR1 (rs1724402) genes, may play a key role as the risk factors for biological predisposition and the PTSD development. These findings would underlie the targeted interventions integrated into PTSD-related prevention measures and treatment strategies. However, further multicenter and consortium studies with unified design are required to confirm the significance of the identified associations and to specify the epigenetic aspects contributing to the PTSD manifestation and development.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение. </bold>Клиническая картина посттравматического стрессового расстройства (ПТСР) включает широкий спектр психопатологических проявлений, отсроченно возникающих после воздействия тяжелого или угрожающего жизни события. Возрастающая актуальность проблемы ПТСР связана с эскалацией военных конфликтов во всем мире. В патогенезе ПТСР значительную роль также играют сложные биологические механизмы, в том числе изменения, наблюдаемые в гиппокампе и других структурах мозга.</p> <p><bold>Цель обзора</bold> – выявить наиболее значимые генетические маркеры, связанные с риском возникновения ПТСР, что могло бы способствовать разработке таргетных вмешательств, направленных на разработку профилактических мер и стратегий терапии этого расстройства. Нами проведен поиск литературы в базе данных PubMed по ключевым словам, связанным с генетикой ПТСР, с ограничением по времени выхода публикаций с 2018 по 2023 год. Из 623 работ 20 статей, отвечающих критериям включения, с описанием молекулярно-генетических, статистических данных и размером выборки не менее 60 пациентов с верифицированным диагнозом ПТСР, были подробно рассмотрены и проанализированы.</p> <p>Были выявлены значимые ассоциации между возникновением ПТСР и однонуклеотидными вариантами (ОНВ) в генах FKBP5 и CRHR1 (ось гипоталамо-гипофизарно-надпочечниковой системы и нейроэндокринный путь). Важной исследовательской находкой явилось обнаружение взаимосвязей между однонуклеотидными вариантами определенных генов и тяжестью клинических проявлений ПТСР.</p> <p><bold>Выводы.</bold> Генетические маркеры, в частности однонуклеотидные варианты генов FKBP5 (rs9470080) и CRHR1 (rs1724402), играют ключевую роль как факторы биологической предиспозиции и риска развития ПТСР. Эти данные представляют важное значение для разработки таргетных вмешательств при уточнении мер профилактики и стратегий терапии ПТСР. Однако для подтверждения значимости выявленных ассоциаций «ген – среда» и уточнения эпигенетических аспектов, лежащих в основе манифестации и развития ПТСР, требуется проведение дальнейших мультицентровых и консорциумных исследований по унифицированному дизайну.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ADCYAP1R</kwd><kwd>CRHR1/2</kwd><kwd>DRD2/4</kwd><kwd>FKBP5</kwd><kwd>NR3C1</kwd><kwd>post-traumatic stress disorder</kwd><kwd>SLC6A4</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ADCYAP1R</kwd><kwd>CRHR1/2</kwd><kwd>DRD2/4</kwd><kwd>FKBP5</kwd><kwd>NR3C1</kwd><kwd>посттравматическое стрессовое расстройство</kwd><kwd>SLC6A4</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The article is the part of the "InPsyReSearch project: Priority 2030".</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа была проведена в рамках проекта «Банк инновационных нейропсихиатрических исследований: Приоритет-2030».</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Kessler RC, Aguilar-Gaxiola S, Alonso J, et al. 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