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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Science and Innovations in Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Science and Innovations in Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Наука и инновации в медицине</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2500-1388</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2618-754X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">FSBEI of Higher Education SamSMU of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">643217</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35693/SIM643217</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Human Anatomy</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Анатомия человека</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Functional features of anatomical structures affecting the process of endotracheal intubation</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Функциональные особенности анатомических структур, влияющих на процесс эндотрахеальной интубации</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2495-6923</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zharova</surname><given-names>Natalya V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жарова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Associate professor of the Department of Human Anatomy and Histology of the Institute of clinical medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры анатомии и гистологии человека Института клинической медицины</p></bio><email>zharova_n@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9532-9957</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikolenko</surname><given-names>Vladimir N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Николенко</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Head of the Department of Human Anatomy and Histology of the Institute of clinical medicine; Head of the Department of normal and topographical anatomy</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой анатомии и гистологии человека Института клинической медицины; заведующий кафедрой нормальной и топографической анатомии</p></bio><email>vn.nikolenko@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9636-3807</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zharikov</surname><given-names>Yurii O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жариков</surname><given-names>Юрий Олегович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Associate professor of the Department of Human Anatomy and Histology of the Institute of clinical medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент, доцент кафедры анатомии и гистологии человека Института клинической медицины</p></bio><email>dr_zharikov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5200-5965</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zharov</surname><given-names>Nikolai A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жаров</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>research intern</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>стажер-исследователь</p></bio><email>nikolya-zharov@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8457-1630</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zharov</surname><given-names>Aleksei V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жаров</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, anesthesiologist-reanimatologist</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач анестезиолог-реаниматолог</p></bio><email>kolyaka05@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6842-1520</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zharikova</surname><given-names>Tatyana S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жарикова</surname><given-names>Т. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Associate professor of the Department of Human Anatomy and Histology; Associate professor of the Department of normal and topographical anatomy</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры анатомии и гистологии человека Института клинической медицины; доцент кафедры нормальной и топографической анатомии</p></bio><email>dr_zharikova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Первый МГМУ имени И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian University of Medicine</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Российский университет медицины» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">City Clinical Hospital named after V.P. Demikhov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница имени В.П. Демихова» Департамента здравоохранения Москвы</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-02-05" publication-format="electronic"><day>05</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-03-10" publication-format="electronic"><day>10</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>4</fpage><lpage>9</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-12-19"><day>19</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-02-01"><day>01</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Zharova N.V., Nikolenko V.N., Zharikov Y.O., Zharov N.A., Zharov A.V., Zharikova T.S.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Жарова Н.В., Николенко В.Н., Жариков Ю.О., Жаров Н.А., Жаров А.В., Жарикова Т.С.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zharova N.V., Nikolenko V.N., Zharikov Y.O., Zharov N.A., Zharov A.V., Zharikova T.S.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Жарова Н.В., Николенко В.Н., Жариков Ю.О., Жаров Н.А., Жаров А.В., Жарикова Т.С.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://innoscience.ru/2500-1388/article/view/643217">https://innoscience.ru/2500-1388/article/view/643217</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The study of the morphofunctional features of various structures of the head and the neck, as well as their congenital and acquired changes, enables a better understanding of conditions that influence performance of endotracheal intubation. Knowledge of the patient’s individual anatomy enables one to forecast and to minimize incidence of intubation failure that might lead to adverse consequences, including dental trauma, damage to respiratory tract, hypoxic brain damage, and even death. As early as on the stage of collecting the patient’s history, the anesthesiologist has to anticipate possible complications and identify the factors that might lead to complicated intubation and provision of anesthetic support.</p> <p>This study analyzes the functional peculiarities of the anatomical structures influencing the process of endotracheal intubation, that are considered in the scales for the assessment of difficult airways and that cause complications for the visibility of the glottis. The article also dwells on various diseases that could cause difficult intubation of the trachea. The generalized results of these studies may be instrumental in the development of new methods and approaches towards the tracheal intubation procedure.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Изучение морфофункциональных особенностей различных структур головы и шеи, а также их врожденных и приобретенных изменений позволяет более глубоко понять условия, которые оказывают влияние на проведение эндотрахеальной интубации. Знание индивидуальных анатомических особенностей пациента позволяет спрогнозировать и минимизировать количество случаев неудачной интубации, приводящей к серьезным последствиям, включая травму зубов, повреждение дыхательных путей, гипоксическое повреждение головного мозга и даже смерть пациента. Анестезиолог уже на этапе сбора анамнеза должен предусмотреть возможные осложнения и распознать факторы, которые могут привести к трудной интубации и осложнить оказание анестезиологического пособия.</p> <p>В настоящем обзоре проведен анализ функциональных особенностей анатомических структур, влияющих на процесс эндотрахеальной интубации, учтенных в шкалах для оценки трудных дыхательных путей и являющихся причиной затруднения видимости голосовой щели. Также в статье рассматриваются различные нозологии, которые могут быть причиной трудной интубации трахеи. Обобщенные результаты этих исследований могут помочь в разработке новых методов и подходов к процедуре интубации трахеи.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>endotracheal intubation</kwd><kwd>determination of patency of airways</kwd><kwd>head tilt</kwd><kwd>opening of the mouth</kwd><kwd>obstruction of airways</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эндотрахеальная интубация</kwd><kwd>оценка проходимости дыхательных путей</kwd><kwd>запрокидывание шеи</kwd><kwd>открывание рта</kwd><kwd>обструкция дыхательных путей</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">No</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Нет</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Zaytsev AYu, Usikyan EG, Dubrovin KV, et al. Diagnosis of difficult airways: a review. Annals of Critical Care. 2023;(4):149-168. [Зайцев А.Ю., Усикян Э.Г., Дубровин К.В., и др. 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