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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Science and Innovations in Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Science and Innovations in Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Наука и инновации в медицине</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2500-1388</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2618-754X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">FSBEI of Higher Education SamSMU of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">678261</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35693/SIM678261</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Pathological anatomy</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Патологическая анатомия</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Role of membrane components in the initiation and progression of tumour growth in endometrial cancer</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Роль мембранных компонентов в инициации и прогрессии опухолевого роста при раке эндометрия</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1995-2661</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Atadzhanov</surname><given-names>Ilyas B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Атаджанов</surname><given-names>Ильяс Борисович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>resident of the Department of Pathological Anatomy</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ординатор кафедры патологической анатомии</p></bio><email>atadzanov.ilyas@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1635-7533</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Guskova</surname><given-names>Oksana N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гуськова</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Pathological Anatomy</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент, заведующая кафедрой патологической анатомии</p></bio><email>guskovaon@tvgmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1136-7396</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shestakova</surname><given-names>Valeria G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шестакова</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, доц., зав. каф., каф. анатомии, гистологии и эмбриологии</p></bio><email>shestvg@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Tver State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Тверской государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Tver Regional Oncology Dispensary</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Тверской областной онкологический диспансер»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Medical Unit No. 57 of FMBA of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФБГУЗ МСЧ №57 ФМБА России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-05-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-06-10" publication-format="electronic"><day>10</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>92</fpage><lpage>99</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-04-08"><day>08</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-05-12"><day>12</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Atadzhanov I.B., Guskova O.N., Shestakova V.G.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Атаджанов И.Б., Гуськова О.Н., Шестакова В.Г.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Atadzhanov I.B., Guskova O.N., Shestakova V.G.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Атаджанов И.Б., Гуськова О.Н., Шестакова В.Г.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://innoscience.ru/2500-1388/article/view/678261">https://innoscience.ru/2500-1388/article/view/678261</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This review discusses the role of membrane components in the initiation and progression of endometrial cancer. Cancer cells that are the substrate of the tumor growth are subject to multiple interactions both among themselves and with the tumor microenvironment.The cell membrane of tumor cells undergoes changes, resulting in simplified antigenic structure and the expression of molecules found in embryonic tissues, changes in the intercellular contacts that maintain epithelial homeostasis. Dense contacts form the basis for the preservation of normal endometrial histological organization. These changes also affect intercellular contacts, leading to the alteration of mechanical properties and invasive growth of tumor cells. In addition, components of dense contacts are participants of intracellular signal transduction pathways. The review highlights the potential role of claudin proteins, specifically in tight junctions and intracellular signaling, as promising targets for further study. Epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) represented in normal tissues in processes of reparation, plays a significant role in endometrial cancer progression, and the altered characterization of E-cadherin and β-catenin is important in understanding EMT’s role in the disease. Researchers are focusing on the E-cadherin as a component of oncogene activation pathways. Hyperestrogenemia (high serum estrogen levels) is known to underlie Type I endometrial adenocarcinoma. Additionally, estrogen receptors and claudins are implicated in intracellular signaling activating cell proliferation both in the norm and in the course of disease. Recent research also involved other molecules serving as targets for estrogens, e.g. claudin proteins. Change of clausin expression profiles mediated by sex hormones manifest both in suppression and replacement of one protein with another. Further study of cell membrane-associated markers has the potential to provide insights into tumor biology and aid in the development of new therapeutic approaches for endometrial cancer.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В настоящем обзоре мы предприняли попытку систематизировать значение мембранных компонентов в инициации и прогрессии опухолевого роста при раке эндометрия. Клетки, составляющие субстрат опухолевого роста, подвержены множеству взаимодействий как между собой, так и с опухолевым микроокружением. Наблюдается упрощение антигенной структуры клеточной мембраны опухолевых клеток, экспрессия молекул, характерных в том числе для эмбриональных тканей, изменение свойств межклеточных контактов, поддерживающих эпителиальный гомеостаз. Плотные контакты составляют основу сохранения нормальной гистоархитектоники. Изменения их свойств, выраженные в замене одних компонентов другими, определяют механические свойства опухолевых клеток, для которых характерны инвазивный рост и метастазирование. Помимо этого, компоненты плотных контактов являются участниками внутриклеточных путей передачи сигнала. Перспективными, на наш взгляд, выглядят исследования роли белков-клаудинов, являющихся компонентами плотных соединений. В этом обзоре мы собрали имеющиеся сведения о клаудинах как о компонентах клеточных контактов и участниках внутриклеточной сигнализации. В патогенезе эндометриального рака немаловажной характеристикой является эпителиально-мезенхимальная трансформация (ЭМТ), широко представленная в нормальных тканях в процессах, связанных с репарацией. Изменение характеристик E-кадгерина и β-катенина не могло быть не рассмотрено в рамках обсуждения роли ЭМТ в прогрессии рака эндометрия. Кроме того, исследователи все больше обращают внимание на E-кадгерин как компонент путей активации онкогенов. Известно, что в основе эндометриального рака I типа лежит гиперэстрогенемия (высокие сывороточные урови эстрогенов). Рецепторы эстрогена, бесспорно, включены во внутриклеточную сигнализацию, активирующую пролиферацию клеток в норме и патологии. Кроме того, недавние исследования указывают на другие таргетные для эстрогенов молекулы. Таковыми являются клаудины. Изменение профилей экспрессии клаудинов под влиянием половых гормонов выражаются как в снижении, так и в замещении одного белка другим. Несомненно, дальнейшее изучение маркеров, ассоциированных с клеточной мембраной, может уточнить биологические свойства опухоли и служить основой поиска таргетных молекул для разработки новых путей терапии рака эндометрия.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>endometrial cancer</kwd><kwd>cell membrane structures</kwd><kwd>cancer initiation</kwd><kwd>cancer progression</kwd><kwd>cell junction</kwd><kwd>claudins</kwd><kwd>E-cadherin</kwd><kwd>β-catenin</kwd><kwd>intracellular signalling</kwd><kwd>hyperestrogenemia</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак эндометрия</kwd><kwd>мембранные компоненты</kwd><kwd>инициация</kwd><kwd>прогрессия</kwd><kwd>клеточные контакты</kwd><kwd>клаудины</kwd><kwd>E-кадгерин</kwd><kwd>β-катенин</kwd><kwd>пути внутриклеточной сигнализации</kwd><kwd>гиперэстрогенемия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Kaprin AD, Starinsky VV, Shakhzadova AO. 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