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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Science and Innovations in Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Science and Innovations in Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Наука и инновации в медицине</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2500-1388</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2618-754X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">FSBEI of Higher Education SamSMU of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">679557</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35693/SIM679557</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Human Anatomy</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Анатомия человека</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Myocardial bridges and proximal atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries: pathogenetic interrelation and clinical significance</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Миокардиальные мостики и проксимальный атеросклероз коронарных артерий: патогенетическая взаимосвязь и клиническая значимость</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5065-7922</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolyan</surname><given-names>Barseg Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колян</surname><given-names>Б. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Head of the X-Ray Diagnostics of the Radiological Diagnostics Department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>заведующий кабинетом рентгенологической диагностики отделения лучевой диагностики</p></bio><email>b-eg84@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3497-8157</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Margaryan</surname><given-names>Artur V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маргарян</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor of the Department of Topographic Anatomy and Operative Surgery</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор кафедры топографической анатомии и оперативной хирургии</p></bio><email>vanic13@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9843-1065</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chemidronov</surname><given-names>Sergei N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чемидронов</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Human Anatomy</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой анатомии человека</p></bio><email>s.n.chemidronov@samsmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Tolyatti City Clinical Hospital No. 2 named after V.V. Banykin</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ СО «Тольяттинская городская клиническая больница №2 имени В.В. Баныкина»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Tyumen State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Тюменский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Samara State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Самарский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-09-26" publication-format="electronic"><day>26</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-11-10" publication-format="electronic"><day>10</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>262</fpage><lpage>268</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-05-12"><day>12</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-08-31"><day>31</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Kolyan B.Y., Margaryan A.V., Chemidronov S.N.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Колян Б.Ю., Маргарян А.В., Чемидронов С.Н.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kolyan B.Y., Margaryan A.V., Chemidronov S.N.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Колян Б.Ю., Маргарян А.В., Чемидронов С.Н.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://innoscience.ru/2500-1388/article/view/679557">https://innoscience.ru/2500-1388/article/view/679557</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Myocardial bridges (MB) are a congenital anomaly in which the coronary artery is partially immersed in the myocardium. The prevalence of MB varies from 0.5% to 87%, depending on the diagnostic method: selective angiography detects 0.5-18% of cases, whereas CT angiography, up to 73%.</p> <p>An analysis of 22 peer-reviewed papers (1986-2023) showed that in 98% of the cases MB is associated with proximal atherosclerosis due to hemodynamic disorders (turbulent blood flow, high pressure gradient). However, some studies deny a direct link or point to the potential protective effect of MB. Systolic compression of the artery causes myocardial ischemia, especially in cases of left ventricular hypertrophy or microvascular dysfunction. Clinical manifestations range from asymptomatic to angina pectoris, ACS, and sudden death. Treatment includes beta-blockers, stenting, and myotomy, but the lack of randomized trials limits universal recommendations. The contradictions in the data emphasize the need to integrate morphological and functional imaging, as well as to personalize therapy. Long-term cohort studies, risk stratification algorithms using AI, study of the angular anatomy of coronary arteries may be prospective lines of further research.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Миокардиальные мостики (ММ) – врожденный вариант анатомии, при котором коронарная артерия частично погружена в миокард. Распространенность ММ варьирует от 0,5% до 87% в зависимости от метода диагностики: селективная ангиография выявляет 0,5–18% случаев, КТ-ангиография – до 73%.</p> <p>Анализ 22 рецензируемых работ (1986–2023 гг.) показал, что ММ ассоциированы с проксимальным атеросклерозом в 98% случаев из-за гемодинамических нарушений (турбулентный кровоток, высокий градиент давления). Однако часть исследований отрицает прямую связь или указывает на потенциальный защитный эффект ММ. Систолическая компрессия артерии вызывает ишемию миокарда, особенно при гипертрофии левого желудочка или микрососудистой дисфункции. Клинические проявления варьируют от бессимптомного течения до стенокардии, ОКС и внезапной смерти. Лечение включает β-блокаторы, стентирование и миотомию, но отсутствие рандомизированных исследований ограничивает универсальные рекомендации. Противоречия в данных подчеркивают необходимость интеграции морфологической и функциональной визуализации, а также персонализации терапии. Перспективными представляются долгосрочные когортные исследования, разработка алгоритмов стратификации риска с использованием ИИ, а также изучение ангулярной анатомии коронарных артерий.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>myocardial bridge</kwd><kwd>atherosclerosis</kwd><kwd>coronary arteries</kwd><kwd>hemodynamics</kwd><kwd>myocardial ischemia</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>миокардиальный мостик</kwd><kwd>атеросклероз</kwd><kwd>коронарные артерии</kwd><kwd>гемодинамика</kwd><kwd>ишемия миокарда</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Bagmanova ZA. Myocardial bridges of coronary arteries. Cardiovascular therapy and prevention. 2007;6(6):125-130. (In Russ.). [Багманова З.А. Миокардиальные мостики коронарных артерий. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2007;6(6):125-130]. 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