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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Science and Innovations in Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Science and Innovations in Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Наука и инновации в медицине</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2500-1388</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2618-754X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">FSBEI of Higher Education SamSMU of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">701831</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35693/SIM701831</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Human Anatomy</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Анатомия человека</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Functional morphology of the sphincter apparatus of the rectum</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Функциональная морфология сфинктерного аппарата прямой кишки</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0462-1344</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Suvorova</surname><given-names>Galina N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суворова</surname><given-names>Г. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>BD, Dr. Sci. (Biology), Professor, Head of the Department of Histology and Embriology.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол. наук, профессор, заведующая кафедрой гистологии и эмбриологии.</p></bio><email>g.n.suvorova@samsmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9843-1065</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chemidronov</surname><given-names>Sergei N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чемидронов</surname><given-names>Сергей Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Associate professor, Head of the Department of Human Anatomy.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой анатомии человека.</p></bio><email>s.n.chemidronov@samsmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4143-5628</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pronina</surname><given-names>Antonina S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пронина</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>assistant professor of the Department of Histology and Embriology.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>старший преподаватель кафедры гистологии и эмбриологии.</p></bio><email>a.s.pronina@samsmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7228-1003</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Grigoryeva</surname><given-names>Yuliya V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Григорьева</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor of the Department of Histology and Embriology.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор кафедры гистологии и эмбриологии.</p></bio><email>yu.v.grigoreva@samsmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8954-4618</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sevryugina</surname><given-names>Galina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Севрюгина</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Associate professor of the Department of Human Anatomy.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед наук, доцент кафедры анатомии человека.</p></bio><email>g.a.sevryugina@samsmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Samara State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Самарский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-03-28" publication-format="electronic"><day>28</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-04-14" publication-format="electronic"><day>14</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>98</fpage><lpage>104</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-01-25"><day>25</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-02-25"><day>25</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Suvorova G.N., Chemidronov S.N., Pronina A.S., Grigoryeva Y.V., Sevryugina G.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Суворова Г.Н., Чемидронов С.Н., Пронина А.С., Григорьева Ю.В., Севрюгина Г.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Suvorova G.N., Chemidronov S.N., Pronina A.S., Grigoryeva Y.V., Sevryugina G.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Суворова Г.Н., Чемидронов С.Н., Пронина А.С., Григорьева Ю.В., Севрюгина Г.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://innoscience.ru/2500-1388/article/view/701831">https://innoscience.ru/2500-1388/article/view/701831</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Pelvic floor dysfunction has recently become one of the most common problems. Typical clinical manifestations of pelvic dysfunction include urinary and fecal incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse. The musculo-fascial structure of the pelvic floor plays a major role in these risks. Recognized potential factors for the development of pelvic dysfunction include age, obesity, and childbirth.</p> <p>An analysis of over 50 literature sources demonstrates the importance of the muscular, mucosal, submucosal, and vascular-nerve components of the rectum in sphincter function. This knowledge will enable clinicians to perform diagnostic and therapeutic procedures with minimal adverse effects on the patient, taking into account the morpho-functional characteristics of each sphincter compartment.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Дисфункции тазового дна в последнее время являются одной из наиболее распространенных проблем. К типичным клиническим проявлениям тазовой дисфункции относятся недержание мочи и кала, пролапс тазовых органов. Основную роль в этих рисках играет мышечно-фасциальная основа тазового дна. Признанными потенциальными факторами возникновения тазовой дисфункции являются возраст человека, ожирение, роды.</p> <p>Проведенный анализ более 50 источников литературы показывает значимость мышечного, слизистого, подслизистого и сосудисто-нервных компонентов прямой кишки для выполнения сфинктерной функции. Эти знания позволят клиницистам выполнять диагностические и лечебные процедуры с минимальными негативными для пациента последствиями, учитывая морфофункциональные особенности каждого из компартментов сфинктерного аппарата.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>external anal sphincter</kwd><kwd>internal anal sphincter</kwd><kwd>levator ani muscle</kwd><kwd>muscle fiber</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>наружный анальный сфинктер</kwd><kwd>внутренний анальный сфинктер</kwd><kwd>мышца</kwd><kwd>поднимающая задний проход</kwd><kwd>мышечное волокно</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Kolesnikov LL. The human sphincter apparatus. SPb., 2000. (In Russ.). [Колесников Л.Л. Сфинктерный аппарат человека. СПб., 2000].</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Jorge JMN, Bustamante-Lopez LA, Froehner I. Anatomy of the Anorectal Region and Pelvic Floor. 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