The aim of this study was to evaluate the dynamics of changes in the anatomy and topography of neck organs and structures after thyroidectomy in the late postoperative period.

Materials and мethods. An analysis of topographic and anatomical changes in neck organs and structures was conducted in patients with compression syndrome due to thyroid pathology before and after thyroidectomy. Magnetic resonance imaging data were used before surgery and at two, six, twelve, and twenty-four months after surgery to measure the following parameters: the size of the esophagus, trachea, common carotid arteries, and internal jugular veins; and the degree of displacement of neck organs and structures.

Results. Analysis of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging data revealed transverse laryngeal dispositions in 46% of cases. The trachea was subject to similar displacements. In patients with autoimmune thyroiditis, the esophagus acquired a spherical shape with a median anteroposterior size of 0.97 cm (0.72; 1.2), transverse - 0.67 cm (0.55; 0.81). Before the operation, the vascular-nerve bundles were displaced posteriorly and laterally. The median parameters of these dispositions on the right were 2.0 cm (1.89; 2.7) and 1.4 cm (1.12; 1.61), on the left - 1.88 cm (1.52; 2.0) and 1.29 cm (1.2; 1.67). In the postoperative period, in patients with multinodular colloid goiter, the esophagus was dislocated to the left. In the first year of the postoperative period, the vascular-nerve bundles in this category of patients were displaced anteriorly and medially. Twenty-four months after the operation, the right common carotid artery was displaced anteriorly and medially; the right internal jugular vein was located parallel to the arterial trunk; the left common carotid artery was displaced anteriorly and slightly laterally, and the left internal jugular vein was located to the left of it. After thyroidectomy in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis, the larynx took a median position after two months and maintained this position twenty-four months after the operation. The trachea was displaced toward the midline of the neck and anteriorly. The median disposition medially was 1.6 cm (1.5; 1.73), anteriorly - 1.17 cm (0.9; 1.22) by the twelfth month of the postoperative period, 1.89 cm (1.74; 2.1) and 1.56 cm (1.46; 1.7), respectively, by the twenty-fourth month. The esophagus was slightly dislocated to the left. The common carotid arteries were displaced anteriorly, and the internal jugular veins were displaced anteriorly and laterally. Two years after the procedure, the venous vessels were parallel to the trachea, and the common carotid arteries were displaced posteriorly.