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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Science and Innovations in Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Science and Innovations in Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Наука и инновации в медицине</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2500-1388</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2618-754X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">FSBEI of Higher Education SamSMU of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">704255</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35693/SIM704255</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Modifiable Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Diseases in Aviation and Prospects for Their Correction</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Модифицируемые факторы риска болезней системы кровообращения в авиации и перспективы их коррекции</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7483-3855</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Adeninskaya</surname><given-names>Elena</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аденинская</surname><given-names>Елена Евгеньевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of the Research Center for Occupational Pathology and Occupational Hygiene</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Руководитель Научно-исследовательского центра профпатологии и гигиены труда</p></bio><email>adeninskaya@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8509-5103</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">1182707</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1230-1120</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zabrodina</surname><given-names>Natalia Borisovna</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Забродина</surname><given-names>Наталья Борисовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> главный врач; заведующий кафедрой авиационной и космической медицины</p></bio><email>mail@ckbga.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1855-9362</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">251475</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1495-3328</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Potievsky</surname><given-names>Boris Grigorievich</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Потиевский</surname><given-names>Борис Григорьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>The Central Medical and Flight Expert Commission of the Central Design Bureau of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of the department — Chairman of the TSVLEK – Doctor of Aviation and Space Medicine;</p> <p>Associate Professor of the Department of Aviation and Space Medicine;</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Центральная врачебно-лётная экспертная комиссия ЦКБ ГА, заведующий отделением — председатель ЦВЛЭК – врач по авиационной и космической медицине;</p> <p>доцент кафедры авиационной и космической медицины; </p></bio><email>mail@ckbga.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1565-4560</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">200766</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6518-0861</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bushmanov</surname><given-names>Andrey Yurievich</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бушманов</surname><given-names>Андрей Юрьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor; Head of the Department of Occupational Medicine, Hygiene and Occupational Pathology of the Burnazyan Scientific Research Center of the Federal State Budgetary Institution of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор; заведующий кафедрой медицины труда, гигиены и профпатологии ФГБУ ГНЦ ФМБЦ им. А.И. Бурназяна ФМБА России</p></bio><email>radclin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5615-2713</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dorofeev</surname><given-names>Alexey Vladimirovich</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дорофеев</surname><given-names>Алексей Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Deputy Chairman of CVLEC-Cardiologist</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>заместитель председателя ЦВЛЭК-врач-кардиолог</p></bio><email>dok.dorofeev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Budgetary Institution “Central Clinical Hospital of Civil Aviation”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральное бюджетное учреждение «Центральная клиническая больница гражданской авиации»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center (FMBC), FMBA of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ ГНЦ ФМБЦ им. А.И. Бурназяна ФМБА России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Budget Institution "Central Clinical Hospital of Civil Aviation"</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральное бюджетное учреждение «Центральная клиническая больница гражданской авиации»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">FSBEI DPO RMANPO</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ДПО РМАНПО</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Budgetary Institution "Central Clinical Hospital of Civil Aviation"</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральное бюджетное учреждение «Центральная клиническая больница гражданской авиации»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff6"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ДПО РМАНПО</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff7"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Budgetary Institution “Central Clinical Hospital of Civil Aviation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральное бюджетное учреждение «Центральная клиническая больница гражданской авиации»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-06-05" publication-format="electronic"><day>05</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-03-16"><day>16</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-04-21"><day>21</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; , Adeninskaya E., Zabrodina N.B., Potievsky B.G., Bushmanov A.Y., Dorofeev A.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; , Аденинская Е.Е., Забродина Н.Б., Потиевский Б.Г., Бушманов А.Ю., Дорофеев А.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Adeninskaya E., Zabrodina N.B., Potievsky B.G., Bushmanov A.Y., Dorofeev A.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Аденинская Е.Е., Забродина Н.Б., Потиевский Б.Г., Бушманов А.Ю., Дорофеев А.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://innoscience.ru/2500-1388/article/view/704255">https://innoscience.ru/2500-1388/article/view/704255</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Despite the functioning of a multi-stage medical selection system and continuous aeromedical monitoring, diseases of the circulatory system remain the leading cause of occupational disqualification among aviation specialists. Contemporary studies indicate that the formation of cardiovascular risk in pilots and air traffic controllers is associated with a complex interaction between universal metabolic risk factors and specific occupational conditions, including shift work, circadian rhythm disruption, chronic stress, and forced physical inactivity. The aim of this study was to analyze current scientific data on modifiable risk factors for circulatory system diseases in aviation and to assess the prospects for their preventive correction.</p> <p>The study was conducted as an analytical review of contemporary scientific literature. The search for sources was performed in the international databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and the national database eLIBRARY.RU for the period 2010–2025, with additional inclusion of key earlier methodological publications. The analysis included epidemiological, cohort, and clinical-metabolic studies containing quantitative estimates of associations between risk factors and cardiovascular diseases.</p> <p>The literature analysis demonstrated that the structure of cardiovascular risk in aviation specialists largely corresponds to patterns observed in the general population and is primarily determined by classical modifiable risk factors, including arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, disorders of carbohydrate metabolism, and smoking. At the same time, occupational conditions—shift work, circadian rhythm disruption, chronic stress, and physical inactivity—act as additional modifying influences that intensify metabolic dysregulation and contribute to the development of insulin resistance, visceral obesity, and subclinical atherosclerosis.</p> <p>The synthesis of data on the mechanisms of circadian disruption, metabolic abnormalities, and early vascular changes allowed the authors to propose an integrative model of the pathogenetic continuum of cardiometabolic risk formation in aviation specialists. Within this model, the sequence of metabolic and structural alterations was systematized, and key diagnostic markers were identified with reference to different age stages of professional activity. The proposed scheme reflects the staged development of cardiovascular pathology and highlights a “therapeutic window” for early preventive intervention. This approach may serve as a theoretical basis for the development of screening algorithms and preventive management strategies for cardiometabolic risk in aviation medicine.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Несмотря на функционирование многоступенчатой системы медицинского отбора и непрерывного врачебно-лётного мониторинга, болезни системы кровообращения сохраняют лидирующие позиции в структуре причин отстранения авиационных специалистов от работы. Современные исследования показывают, что формирование сердечно-сосудистого риска у пилотов и диспетчеров управления воздушным движением связано с комплексным взаимодействием универсальных метаболических факторов и специфических условий профессиональной деятельности, включая сменный режим труда, нарушение циркадных ритмов, хронический стресс и вынужденную гиподинамию. Целью настоящей работы явился анализ современных научных данных о модифицируемых факторах риска болезней системы кровообращения в авиации и оценка перспектив их профилактической коррекции.</p> <p>Работа выполнена в формате аналитического обзора современной научной литературы. Поиск источников проводился в международных базах данных PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science и национальной системе eLIBRARY.RU за период 2010–2025 гг. с дополнительным включением ключевых методологических публикаций более раннего периода. В анализ включались эпидемиологические, когортные и клинико-метаболические исследования, содержащие количественные оценки связи факторов риска с сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями.</p> <p>Анализ литературы показал, что структура сердечно-сосудистого риска у авиационных специалистов в целом соответствует общепопуляционным закономерностям и в значительной степени определяется классическими модифицируемыми факторами риска: артериальной гипертензией, дислипидемией, ожирением, нарушениями углеводного обмена и курением. При этом профессиональные условия труда — сменный режим работы, нарушение циркадных ритмов, хронический стресс и гиподинамия — выступают дополнительными модифицирующими факторами, усиливающими метаболическую дезадаптацию и способствующими формированию инсулинорезистентности, висцерального ожирения и субклинического атеросклероза.</p> <p>Обобщение данных о механизмах десинхроноза, метаболических нарушений и ранних сосудистых изменений позволило предложить интегративную модель патогенетического континуума формирования кардиометаболического риска у авиационных специалистов. В рамках данной модели систематизирована последовательность метаболических и структурных изменений, определены ключевые диагностические маркеры и их связь с возрастными этапами профессиональной деятельности. Представленная схема отражает стадийность формирования сердечно-сосудистой патологии и позволяет выделить «терапевтическое окно» для раннего профилактического вмешательства. Предложенный подход может служить теоретической основой для разработки алгоритмов скрининга и превентивного управления кардиометаболическими рисками в авиационной медицине.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cardiovascular diseases, pilots, air traffic controllers, modifiable risk factors, subclinical atherosclerosis, coronary artery calcium score</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>болезни системы кровообращения, пилоты, диспетчеры, модифицируемые факторы риска, субклинический атеросклероз, кальциевый индекс</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out without involving external financial support.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено без привлечения внешнего финансового обеспечения.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Simons R, Maire R, Van Drongelen A, et al. 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