Anomalies of thermal expansion/contraction of martensite crystal lattices in Ti–Ni AND Ti–Nb–Zr alloys

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Abstract

The time-temperature changes of martensite lattice parameters (MLPs) of Ti–50.26Ni and Ti–18Zr–14Nb (at%) shape memory alloys have been investigated using X-ray diffraction methods both in situ and ex situ in order to verify the existence of the time dependence of MLPs and to ascertain the extent to which the correct syngony of the martensite lattice is preserved when its parameters change during heating and cooling at temperatures ranging from –180°C to ≥ As. The reversibility of MLP alterations was observed across the entirety of the investigated temperature range, when subjected to disparate combinations of heating and cooling rates (ranging from 0.03 to > 50°C/s). The MLP values remain constant regardless of the duration of X-ray diffraction imaging or holding at a given temperature within the martensite existence interval. The width of the X-ray lines of B19′ and α″ martensite remains constant regardless of the heating and cooling rates and holding times, which suggests the absence of martensite lattice distortions akin to those observed in premartensitic materials, leading to reversible broadening of X-ray lines of austenite with approaching the Мs point in the area of formation of nanodomains of intermediate shear structure. The Fisher criterion (F), nowhere exceeding its critical value, in conjunction with the unaltered width of the X-ray lines, suggests that the undistorted lattice syngony of unconverted martensite crystals has been preserved and that the lattice as a whole has undergone gradual homogeneous shear as the reverse transformation was approached.

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S. M. Dubinskiy

The National University of Science and Technology MISIS

Author for correspondence.
Email: dubinskiy.sm@misis.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow, 119049

A. P. Baranova

The National University of Science and Technology MISIS

Email: dubinskiy.sm@misis.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow, 119049

O. V. Strachov

The National University of Science and Technology MISIS

Email: dubinskiy.sm@misis.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow, 119049

I. V. Shchetinin

The National University of Science and Technology MISIS

Email: dubinskiy.sm@misis.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow, 119049

A. I. Bazlov

The National University of Science and Technology MISIS

Email: dubinskiy.sm@misis.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow, 119049

A. V. Korotitskiy

The National University of Science and Technology MISIS; Moscow Polytechnic University

Email: dubinskiy.sm@misis.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow, 119049; Moscow, 107023

S. D. Prokoshkin

The National University of Science and Technology MISIS

Email: dubinskiy.sm@misis.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow, 119049

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Towards determination of characteristic temperatures of reverse martensitic transformation. Calorimetric heating and cooling curves of Ti–50.26Ni alloy (a); temperature dependence of specific electrical resistance R/R0 during heating of Ti–18Zr–12Nb alloy (b).

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3. Fig. 2. Diffraction patterns of Ti–50.26Ni (a) and Ti–18Zr–12Nb (b) alloys at room temperature and in the region of reverse transformations B2→B19′ and α"→β, respectively.

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4. Fig. 3. X-ray diffraction patterns of Ti–50.26Ni (a) and Ti–18Zr–12Nb (b) obtained during an experiment with holding at the temperature of the onset of martensite stability loss for 12 hours.

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5. Fig. 4. X-ray diffraction patterns of Ti–50.26Ni (a) and Ti–18Zr–12Nb (b) obtained during an experiment with aging at Troom for 30 days.

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6. Fig. 5. Martensite lattice parameters, Fisher criterion and X-ray line width of martensite (002)B19′ SPF Ti–50.26Ni (a) and (111)α" Ti–18Zr–12Nb (b) during holding in mode 1 at temperatures of martensite stability loss.

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7. Fig. 6. Martensite lattice parameters, Fisher criterion and width at half maximum of X-ray lines of martensite (002)B19′ SPF Ti–50.26Ni (a) and (111)α" Ti–18Zr–12Nb (b) during holding in mode 2 at Troom.

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8. Fig. 7. Schemes of the experiment to search for the velocity dependence of the lattice parameters of martensite in the SMFs of Ti–50.26Ni and Ti–18Zr–12Nb: a–g – in the range from Troom to the martensite instability temperature; d, e – in the range of stable existence of martensite from Troom to ≤ –180°C; a, d – slow heating and cooling, b – slow heating and rapid cooling; c – rapid heating and slow cooling; d, e – rapid heating and cooling.

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9. Fig. 8. X-ray diffraction patterns of Ti–50.26Ni obtained according to the schemes: a, b – in the range from Troom to 70°C, c, d – in the range of stable existence of martensite from Troom to ≤ –180°C; a, c – slow heating and cooling; b, d – rapid heating and cooling.

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10. Fig. 9. X-ray diffraction patterns of Ti–18Zr–12Nb obtained according to the schemes: a, b – in the range from Troom to 150°C; c, d – in the range of stable existence of martensite from Troom to ≤ –180°C; a, d – slow heating and cooling; b, d – rapid heating and cooling.

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11. Fig. 10. (a) B19′ martensite lattice parameters a, b, c, β, martensite unit cell volume ω=a b c sinβ, Fisher criterion (F), and B002B19′ X-ray line width of the Ti–50.26Ni SMF; (b) α" martensite lattice parameters a, b, c, martensite unit cell volume ω=a b c, Fisher criterion (F), and B111α" X-ray line width of the Ti–18Zr–12Nb SMF obtained using different heating–cooling schemes.

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12. Fig. 11. Temperature dependences of the lattice parameters of B19′ martensite, the Fisher criterion F and the maximum lattice deformation εmax during the B2↔B19′ transformation in Ti–(50.0–51.05)% Ni alloys quenched from 700°C. Calculation based on X-ray diffraction patterns from [3].

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13. Fig. 12. Temperature dependences of the proportions of R-phase and B2-austenite (a) (○, △) – initial state after quenching at Troom before subsequent deep cooling (•, ▲) – after deep cooling and during subsequent reheating, angular coordinates of lines (330)R, (30)R, (444)R, (550)R and (50)R (b) and the width of X-ray lines (444)R, (550)R (c) of the R-phase of the Ti-50.61Ni alloy after e=1.7 +450 °C, 1 h. Based on X-ray diffraction patterns obtained in [3].

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14. Fig. 13. Temperature dependences of angular coordinates (a) and width (b) of X-ray lines (020) and (200) of the α"-phase of the Ti–22Nb alloy. Based on data from [28].

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