Analysis of the structure and temperature distribution in a duraluminum alloy weld during friction stir welding

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Abstract

Using complex theoretical and experimental methods of analysis, the influence of diffusion and deformation processes on the chemical composition and structure of the welded joint of plates made of D16T aluminum alloy under friction stir welding conditions was assessed. To reproduce the temperature conditions in the welding zone and assess the possible causes of changes in the structure and phase composition of the material in the weld area, methods of mathematical modeling of thermal processes were used. The resulting theoretical calculations were tested and confirmed using experimental methods of structural analysis (X-ray structural analysis and scanning electron microscopy) and microhardness measurements. A change in the content of silicon, copper and aluminum in the composition of the solid solution of the material under study was detected, as well as a change in the phase composition (a decrease in the amount of the Al12Fe3Si phase and the appearance of the AlCuFeMnSi phase), which is associated with mass transfer in the zone of the welded joint under friction stir welding conditions.

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About the authors

N. V. Kazantseva

M.N. Miheev Institute of Metal Physics of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: kazantseva@imp.uran.ru
Russian Federation, Ekaterinburg, 620108

G. V. Shchapov

M.N. Miheev Institute of Metal Physics of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: kazantseva@imp.uran.ru
Russian Federation, Ekaterinburg, 620108

A. V. Tsarkov

Bauman Moscow State Technical University

Email: kazantseva@imp.uran.ru

Kaluga Branch

Russian Federation, Kaluga, Kaluga region, 248000

I. V. Ezhov

M.N. Miheev Institute of Metal Physics of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: kazantseva@imp.uran.ru
Russian Federation, Ekaterinburg, 620108

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Scheme of the friction stir welding process: a – general view; b – weld section; c – top view; d – working tool.

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3. Fig. 2. Thermal cycles of three surface points located in the center of the weld, at a distance equal to the pin radius and the shoulder radius.

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4. Fig. 3. Temperature distribution along the longitudinal section in the center of the weld joint core (plate surface Z=0; lower surface Z=10 mm).

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5. Fig. 4. Welded joint area, cross-section, optical metallography: 1 – core; 2 – thermomechanical impact zone; 3 – heat-affected zone.

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6. Fig. 5. Diffraction patterns obtained from different sections of the welded joint: (a) initial state; (b) heat-affected zone; (c) thermomechanical impact zone; (d) core.

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7. Fig. 6. Microstructure and chemical analysis of the studied welded joint: (a) – initial state; (b) – heat-affected zone; (c) – thermomechanical impact zone; (d) – core.

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8. Fig. 7. Direction of analysis of the microstructure and chemical composition of the weld core.

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9. Fig. 8. Microstructure of the weld core corresponding to Fig. 7: (a) – region 1; (b) – region 2; (c) – region 3.

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10. Fig. 9. Content of alloying elements (a) and amount of Al (b) in solid solution in the weld core zone.

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11. Fig. 10. Diagram of isothermal decomposition of supercooled and supersaturated solid solution in alloy A2024 [24].

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