Influence of negative temperatures on crystal structure, properties, and fracture of Cr–Mn–C–N steel

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Abstract

The structure of casting austenitic Cr–Mn–C–N steel at low enviromental and cryogenic temperatures has been investigated by means of X-ray diffraction analysis and transmission electron microscopy. The results demonstrate that the parameters of the crystal structure undergo a change during cooling of the quenched steel. During the cooling process from 20 to –90°C, the austenite lattice parameter undergoes a decrease, whereas the concentration of stacking faults remains unaltered. At lower temperatures, the FCC lattice parameter exhibits a stabilizing effect, while the concentration of stacking faults increases sharply. It was observed that there are temperature-dependent displacements of atoms belonging to the FCC lattice from their equilibrium positions. In close-packed planes with the {111} orientation, the observed displacements are larger than in planes with the {200} orientation, along the entire temperature range. The alterations in the crystal structure parameters are indicative of the relaxation process of internal stresses. The steel exhibited a set of high strength properties within the temperature range from –105 to 20°C, with σ0.2 of 800 MPa and σu of 1100 MPa. Additionally, the steel demonstrated satisfactory ductility of 10% and a ductile nature of fracture. At a temperature of –96°C, steel fracture is alwaya of brittle character.

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About the authors

N. A. Narkevich

Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science SB RAS

Author for correspondence.
Email: natnark@list.ru
Russian Federation, Tomsk, 634055

Yu. P. Mironov

Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science SB RAS

Email: natnark@list.ru
Russian Federation, Tomsk, 634055

N. V. Badulin

The National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University

Email: natnark@list.ru
Russian Federation, Tomsk, 634050

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Structure of cast Cr–Mn–C–N steel after annealing and hardening.

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3. Fig. 2. Diffraction patterns of Cr–Mn–C–N steel studied in situ at 20 and –190°C (a); temperature dependences of the lattice parameter a and the DU concentration a (b); extrapolation dependences of the austenite lattice parameters solid lines (c). (Dashed lines connect the points corresponding to the lattice parameter values ​​for the (200) and (400) planes).

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4. Fig. 3. TEM image of the structure after cooling to –196°C: DU (a) and the electron diffraction pattern corresponding to this section of the foil (b); dislocation network (c) and the electron diffraction pattern corresponding to this section of the foil (d); carbides Cr3C2 and DU (d): the electron diffraction pattern (e) was obtained from the section selected by the selector diaphragm (marked with a circle). Austenite reflections belong to the zone axis z=[552]g and the zone axis z=[332]g, reflections of Cr3C2 carbide belong to the zone axis z=[5 12 ]Cr3C2.

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5. Fig. 4. Temperature dependences of atomic displacements in the fcc lattice in the planes (111) and (222), as well as (200) and (400).

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6. Fig. 5. σ–ε curves of Cr–Mn–C–N steel tested in tension at different temperatures (a); temperature dependences of ultimate strength σв and yield strength σ0.2 (b) and relative deformation ε (c).

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7. Fig. 6. Fracture surfaces of specimens after tensile tests at temperatures of 20°C (a), 90°C (b), 105°C (c) and 196°C (d).

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