Increasing the coercivity of (Nd, Pr)–(Fe, Co, Cu, Al, Ga)–b magnets without adding heavy rare earth elements

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Аннотация

The effect of various heat treatments on the magnetic properties and microstructure of magnets manufactured using low-oxygen technology from the alloy (Nd, Pr)31.9Febal.(Co, Cu, Al, Ga)1.7B0.8 (wt%) has been studied. It has been shown that two-stage heat treatment leads to a significant increase in the coercive force of the magnets compared to the single-stage one. The obtained magnets have the properties (Br = 13.2 kG, MHc = 17.9 kOe, BHc = 12.5 kOe, (BH)max = 42.4 MGOe, α = –0.11 %/°С, β = –0.54 %/°С) corresponding to the properties of (Nd, Dy)–Fe–B magnets used to produce magnetic systems of wind turbines. The use of Pr and Ga makes it possible to reduce the cost of the initial alloy compared to alloys with Dy.

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Авторлар туралы

D. Kolodkin

Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences

Хат алмасуға жауапты Автор.
Email: kolodkin@imp.uran.ru
Ресей, Ekaterinburg

A. Protasov

Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: kolodkin@imp.uran.ru
Ресей, Ekaterinburg

O. Golovnya

Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: kolodkin@imp.uran.ru
Ресей, Ekaterinburg

L. Stashkova

Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: kolodkin@imp.uran.ru
Ресей, Ekaterinburg

V. Gaviko

Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: kolodkin@imp.uran.ru
Ресей, Ekaterinburg

D. Vasilenko

Ural Electromechanical Plant (UEMP JSC)

Email: kolodkin@imp.uran.ru
Ресей, Ekaterinburg

D. Bratushev

Ural Electromechanical Plant (UEMP JSC)

Email: kolodkin@imp.uran.ru
Ресей, Ekaterinburg

A. Shitov

Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences; Ural Electromechanical Plant (UEMP JSC)

Email: kolodkin@imp.uran.ru
Ресей, Ekaterinburg; Ekaterinburg

A. Popov

Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: kolodkin@imp.uran.ru
Ресей, Ekaterinburg

Әдебиет тізімі

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2. Fig. 1. Demagnetization curves of magnets after primary maintenance, hardening from 1040°C (1) and subsequent maintenance: 2 — single-stage maintenance (TO2 at T2=480°C (1 h)); 3 — maintenance at T1=880°C (1 h); 4 — two-stage maintenance (TO1 at T1=880°C (1 h) + TO2 at T2=480°C (1 h)).

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3. Fig. 2. Parameters of demagnetization curves of magnets after heat treatments: (a) after primary heat treatment: TO1 at T1 = 800–900°C → TO2 at T2 = 480°C; (b) after primary heat treatment and subsequent hardening from 1040°C: TO1 at T1 = 800–900°C → TO2 at T2 = 480°C. The square symbols indicate the magnetic parameters of the workpieces for subsequent heat treatments: after primary heat treatment (a) and after hardening from 1040°C (b).

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4. Fig. 3. Temperature dependences of magnetic susceptibility χ┴(T) of magnets, measured across the texture direction, after quenching from 1040°C (a) and subsequent TO: (b) TO1 at T1=880°C; (c) two-stage TO (TO1 at T1=880°C and TO2 at T2=480°C); (d) two-stage TO + TO1 at T1=900°C.

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5. Fig. 4. Diffraction pattern from the surface of a magnet section after primary heat treatment, including sintering at Ts = 1040 °C (1 h) and two-stage heat treatment (HT1 at T1 = 880 °C (1 h) and HT2 at T2 = 480 °C (2 h).

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6. Fig. 5. Powder diffraction patterns of samples after quenching from Tcp (a) and subsequent HT: (b) HT1 at T1=880 °C; (c) two-stage HT (HT1 at T1=880 °C and HT2 at T2=480 °C). The black curve is the experiment, the blue curve is the calculation for the main phase Nd2Fe14B, the red curve is the calculation for the NdOx phase, the green curve is the calculation for the Nd2O3 phase.

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7. Fig. 6. Microstructure of magnets after hardening from Tcp (a) and subsequent TO: (b) TO1 at T1 = 880 °C; (c) single-stage TO2 at T2 = 480 ºC; (d) two-stage TO (TO1 at T1 = 880 °C and TO2 at T2 = 480 °C).

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8. Fig. 7. Diagrams of the values ​​of the average grain size (a) and the area of ​​grain boundary phases (b) of magnets during thermal treatment using single-stage and two-stage schemes.

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9. Fig. 8. Demagnetization curves of a permanent magnet made of an alloy of the composition (Nd, Pr)31.9Feost.(Co, Cu, Al, Ga)1.7B0.8.

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