Evolution of the structure of CuCrHf bronze under dynamic channel-angular pressing and subsequent annealing

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Abstract

The evolution of the structure of chromium–hafnium bronze under high-speed severe plastic deformation by dynamic channel-angular pressing (DCAP) and subsequent annealing has been studied. It is shown that fragmentation of the structure under DCAP occurs predominantly through the twinning mechanism, especially upon two passes. In this case, significant strengthening occurs and the microhardness increases to 1750 MPa. When bronze is annealed, additional strengthening occurs due to the precipitation of Cu5Hf and Cr particles. The structure of bronze after DCAP has high thermal stability, and maximum hardness is achieved after annealing at 400°C. The strengthening and thermal stability of the structure in chromium–hafnium bronze is higher than in hafnium bronze.

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About the authors

V. V. Popov

Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: vpopov@imp.uran.ru
Russian Federation, Ekaterinburg, 620108

E. N. Popova

Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: vpopov@imp.uran.ru
Russian Federation, Ekaterinburg, 620108

R. M. Falahutdinov

Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: vpopov@imp.uran.ru
Russian Federation, Ekaterinburg, 620108

S. A. Sudakova

Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: vpopov@imp.uran.ru
Russian Federation, Ekaterinburg, 620108

E. V. Shorokhov

Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Russian Federal Nuclear Center — Zababakhin All—Russia Research Institute of technical Physics”

Email: vpopov@imp.uran.ru
Russian Federation, Snezhinsk, Chelyabinsk region, 456770

K. V. Gaan

Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Russian Federal Nuclear Center — Zababakhin All—Russia Research Institute of technical Physics”

Email: vpopov@imp.uran.ru
Russian Federation, Snezhinsk, Chelyabinsk region, 456770

V. V. Atroshkin

Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Russian Federal Nuclear Center — Zababakhin All—Russia Research Institute of technical Physics”

Email: vpopov@imp.uran.ru
Russian Federation, Snezhinsk, Chelyabinsk region, 456770

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2. Fig. 1. Scanning electron micrographs (a, c) of the structure of chromium-hafnium bronze after hot forging (a) and quenching (c) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectra (b, d) taken from particles marked with a cross in the micrographs.

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3. Fig. 2. External appearance of chromium-hafnium bronze samples after 1 (a) and 2 (b) passes of DCAP.

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4. Fig. 3. Orientation DES maps of chromohafnium bronze (a–g) and distributions of crystallite misorientation angles (d, e) after 1 (a, b, e) and 2 (c, d, e) DCAP passes.

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5. Fig. 4. Structure of chromohafnium bronze after 1 DCAP pass: a, c – bright fields; b, d – dark fields in reflections (200)Cu and (220)Cu, respectively, and electron diffraction patterns, zone axes [001] and [112].

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6. Fig. 5. Structure of chromohafnium bronze after 2 DCAP passes: a, c – bright fields; b – dark field in the (111)Cu reflection and electron diffraction pattern, zone axis [110]; d – dark field in the (111)Cu and twin reflections.

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7. Fig. 6. Effect of annealing temperature on the microhardness of hafnium (a) and chromium-hafnium (b) bronze subjected to DCAP.

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8. Fig. 7. Microanalysis of chromium-hafnium bronze after 2 passes of DCAP and annealing at 400°C for 2 h: a, c – Cr particles and spectrum at the point marked by a circle; b, d – Cu5Hf particles and spectrum at the point marked by a circle.

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9. Fig. 8. Structure of chromohafnium bronze after 2-pass DCAP and annealing at 400°C for 2 h: a, c – light fields, b – dark field in the (002)Cu reflection, zone axis [100], d – dark field in the (002)Cu and Cu5Hf reflections, indicated by a circle in the electron diffraction pattern.

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10. Fig. 9. Structure of chromohafnium bronze after 2-pass DCAP and annealing at 400°C for 2 hours: a – bright field, b – dark field in the (002)Cu reflection.

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11. Fig. 10. Structure of chromohafnium bronze after 2-pass DCAP and annealing at 500°C for 2 hours: a – bright field, b – dark field in reflections (111)Cu and (110)Cr, c, d – dark fields in the Cu5Hf reflection, indicated by a circle in the electron diffraction pattern.

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12. Fig. 11. Structure of chromohafnium bronze after 2-pass DCAP and annealing at 600°C for 2 hours: a – bright field, b – dark field in reflections (002)Cu and Cu5Hf, c – dark field in reflections Cu5Hf, d – dark field in reflections (002)Cu and (110)Cr.

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