Methods of urban heritage regeneration by means of integrated landscaping. Part 1. Basic concepts of legislation and regulatory documents

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The issues of ensuring the preservation of the historical cities urban heritage by means of integrated improvement with the networks and grids reconstruction, including architectural planning, engineering, landscape, geoecological, restoration and other preservation ensuring methods of the cities historical heritage are considered on an interdisciplinary basis. The performed initiative study corresponds to the current and planned national projects goals and state programs in the field of urban planning, cultural heritage preservation and engineering communications modernization in 2025–2027, as well as the President of the Russian Federation.V.V. Putin instructions to the Government of the Russian Federation, following the results of the Address to the Federal Assembly for 2024 to strengthen attention to the cultural heritage preservation and to develop a mechanism of investors involved in cultural heritage site preservation support. The article considers the experience and modern tasks of ensuring the Moscow’s natural and historical heritage preservation by urban planning means, including issues of planning regulation of the territories usage, improvement, landscaping, and network reconstruction. In the first part of the article, based on the author’s experience, an interpretation of two important normative concepts is proposed – “natural and historical heritage zones” and “disturbed historical environment”, their meaning is revealed and their implementation in modern urban planning practice of a natural and ecological framework forming with Moscow natural and historical parks inclusion are shown. The problems of improving the methodology of specially protected natural areas system transformations into specially protected green areas are shown. Based on the results of the field surveys, an assessment of the quarters inside the Garden Ring “historical environment disturbance” is given.

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Sobre autores

E. Belyaeva

Institute of Geobiospheric Research

Autor responsável pela correspondência
Email: igbi@yandex.ru

Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), RAACSc’s Advisor 

Rússia, 12, Annensky Passage, Moscow, 127521

A. Belyaev

Institute of Geobiospheric Research

Email: igbi@yandex.ru

Candidate of Sciences (Engineering)

Rússia, 12, Annensky Passage, Moscow, 127521

B. Moginov

Institute of Geobiospheric Research

Email: igbi@yandex.ru

Honored Architect of the Russian Federation

Rússia, 12, Annensky Passage, Moscow, 127521

Bibliografia

  1. Belyaeva E.L. Osobennosti blagoustrojstva i ozeleneniya istoricheskih gorodov. Metodicheskie rekomendacii: Monografiya [Features of improvement and landscaping of historical cities. Methodological recommendations, Monograph]. Moscow: Ekon-Inform. 2021. 270 p. EDN: YRVCHX
  2. Moskva-Parizh. Priroda i gradostroitel’stvo [Moscow–Paris. Nature and Urban Planning]. Edited by N.S. Krasnoshchekova and V.I. Ivanova, Moscow: Inkombuk. 1997. 208 p.
  3. Chistyakova S.B. Belyaeva E.L. The use of urban ecological approaches to urban improvement and greening. Fundamental, exploratory and applied research of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences on scientific support for the development of architecture, urban planning and the construction industry of the Russian Federation in 2020: Collection of scientific papers of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences in two volumes. Vol. 1. Russian Academy of Architecture and Building Sciences. Moscow: Publishing House of the DIA, 2021, pp. 416–422. (In Russian). EDN: WGBFU
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  12. Krogius V.R. Istoricheskie goroda Rossii kak fenomen ee kul’turnogo naslediya: osnovy identifikacii, svodnaya harakteristika, analiticheskaya vyborka [Historical cities of Russia as a phenomenon of cultural heritage: the basics of identification, summary characteristics, analytical sample]. Moscow: Progress-Tradition, 2009. 310 p.
  13. Kedrinsky A.A. Osnovy restavracii pamyatnikov arhitektury. Obobshchenie opyta shkoly leningradskih restavratorov [Fundamentals ofarchitectural monuments restoration. Generalization of the Leningrad school of restorer experiences]. Moscow: Fine Arts, 1999. 182 p.

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2. Fig. 1. The planning project for the specially protected natural area, the Moskvoretsky Natural and Historical Park, and a fragment of the competition project for the concept for the development of the Mnevnikovskaya floodplain (in the State Unitary Enterprise MNIITEP, 2012, authors: E.L. Belyaeva, M. Radonich, A. Jovanovich, L.V. Pavlova, E.N. Sotskova, G.E. Kalaydzhan, R.N. Vasilyeva, et al.)

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3. Fig. 2. The current appearance, the state of improvement and landscaping of intra-block territories in the Arbat area (author’s photos, October 2024): a – Malaya Bronnaya street; b – Karmanitsky lane; c – Plotnikov lane

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4. Fig. 3. Schemes of historical and urban planning analysis of the territory of the block, limited by Arbat street, Bolshoy Afanasyevsky, Sivtsev Vrazhek lanes (Methodological manual for the application of MGSN 1.01.99 in designing on the territory of morphotypes of historical development. MKA, M., 2002, section 5, pages 24–26): a – scheme of boundaries of protection regimes of cultural heritage sites; b – projection of boundaries of historical households; c – definition of boundaries of household plots (previously given in [7])

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5. Fig. 4. Views of the inner-block territories from the side streets: a – B. Afanasyevsky; b – Sivtsev Vrazhek; c – Starokonyushenny. Photo by E.L. Belyaeva, 2025

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6. Fig. 5. Historical environment, improvement and landscaping of intra-block territories at the intersection of Ogorodnaya Sloboda and Gusyatnikov lanes. Photo by E.L. Belyaeva, May 2024: a – view of the intra-block park with a monument to V. Ulyanov the youth from Ogorodnaya Sloboda lane; b – view of the territory in the depths of the intra-block park; c – adjoining territories of residential buildings adjacent to the park from the side of Gusyatnikov lane

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