Vol 1, No 2 (2016)

The paper presents the possibilities of the virtual planning of orthodontic treatment with programs In Vivo Anatomage and 3Shape Ortho Analyzer, which allows you to create an individual plan of orthodontic treatment. Using three-dimensional cephalometric analysis and cone-beam computed tomography eliminates the risk of complications during orthodontic tooth moving. Aim - to determine the main directions of application of three-dimensional cephalometric analysis in orthodontist’s practice Materials and methods. The study involved 20 patients aged between 18 and 35 years (women 85%, men 15%). All patients underwent cone-beam computed tomography of the facial region of the skull conducted on a tomograph with a matrix 16h10. To obtain the most objective data, a wide range of clinical and other diagnostic methods was used in the study: clinical (survey, visual examination of face and oral cavity, clinical functional tests), anthropometric (measurement of jaw models in the program 3Shape Ortho Analyzer), CBCT of the facial region of the skull and cervical part of the spine. The survey was conducted on every patient according to the developed protocol. 1. Assessment of the dental hard tissues (diagnosis of caries, pulpitis and periodontitis), periapical periodontal tissues, and the state of the cortical bone; construction of three-dimensional panoramic reconstruction to determine the parallelism of the roots and their position in the bone of the alveolar processes on the vestibular and lingual surfaces. 2. Assessment of the patency of airways. 3. Evaluation of the bone elements of the temporomandibular joint on both sides, determining the position of articular head in the glenoid fossa. 4. Three-dimensional cephalometric analysis. 5. Superimposition of the data of the facial skull computed tomography; analysis of the changes in the course of dental treatment. The results of research. The obtained CBCT of the facial skull, processed in the program In Vivo Anatomage version 5.2, allows specifying the status and location of the bony structures of the temporomandibular joint, sinuses, individual structural features of the upper and lower jaws, dental roots deep in the alveolar processes and their correlation to the cortical plate. Additional features of the program are the opportunity to study the airways, combination of the scanned plaster models in .Stl format and superimposition of one CT scan to the other to produce a report on the changes that occurred. Discussion. The computer program allows correction of congenital abnormalities of dentition, reducing the risk of complications to a minimum. Moreover, the expected result can be predicted at the initial stage of treatment. The main advantage of CBCT is the possibility to determine the exact anatomical parameters of a patient without overlapping of adjacent structures and projection distortion of the sizes of anatomical structures.

Dentoalveolar vertical deformation has to be treated by intrusion with surrounding bone and tissues safety. More than 50% of orthodontic patients have lack of one or more teeth with dentoalveolar deformation. Removable orthodontic appliances are not able to intrude teeth with necessary long-lasting force, but mostly move abutment teeth inversely and extrude them. Optimal method used for upper teeth intrusion has to consist of non-invasive temporary anchorage devices and force that moves teeth fast but carefully, with periodontal tissues and surrounding bone safety. Aim - to justify the use of orthodontic miniscrews as temporary anchorage devices for occlusal canting with dentoalveolar component treatment. Materials and methods. Intrusion technique has been developed. It moves the teeth with elastic chain to two miniscrews. The volume of the surrounding bone and periodontal tissues after intrusion is the same as before the movement; the dental arch has not changed after the teeth movement; this method of intrusion is less traumatic and is done in shorter time. Conclusion. Developed intrusion method justifies the use of miniscrews and improves upper teeth intrusion making it faster, less traumatic and safer for surrounding tissues and teeth.

In the course of complex treatment of patients with dentomaxillofacial abnormalities, two periods are distinguished: the period of active apparatus treatment and the retention period (consolidation of the results of orthodontic treatment). Ensuring the stability of the treatment results in patients with abnormalities of occlusion and irregular position of the teeth depends on the correct diagnosis and treatment plan. There are special methods, confirming the effectiveness of orthodontic treatment (anthropometric, radiological, photometric). Analysis of the results of laboratory studies of oral fluid and blood serum of patients who are in the retention period allows evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment and the stability of results. Aim - studying of the results of laboratory indicators of oral fluid and blood serum of patients in the retention period of orthodontic treatment. Material and methods. The total number of examined orthodontic patients was 156. At the first stage of the study, 96 patients were examined and divided into 3 groups. At the second stage, 60 people were examined (4th group). We performed the diagnostics of gingival crevicular fluid as the most promising material in terms of diagnostic capabilities, noninvasiveness and the ease of obtaining samples, and the possibility of retaking of biomaterial. All the patients underwent the study of biochemical and immunological parameters of blood serum, oral and gingival fluid. Results. At the end of treatment, biochemical indices are aligned, and osteoblastic activity decreases, which indicates the completion of the active adjustment and normalization of bony tissue.

The study presents technology of the development of formalized forecasting model of the risk group for temporomandibular pain dysfunction syndrome on the basis of a systemic analysis of multivariate rapid screening questionnaire for prevalence rate of etiological and amnesic predisposing factors and manifestations of TMJ pain dysfunction syndrome. Formalized model allows us to identify an individual consulting and diagnostic itinerary of the subject, to diagnose the cause of abnormalities in the biomechanical system, to conduct timely correction, and to start the treatment. Aim - development of affordable formal risk prediction method for predicting the development of TMJ pain dysfunction syndrome. Materials and methods. The subjects of the study were 94 respondents, 34 men and 60 women aged from 18 to 57 years, chosen by accidental sampling. The following methods were used: sociological (rapid screening questionnaire), systemic multivariate analysis, regression analysis, mathematical modeling. The study was conducted with consistent integration of rapid screening questionnaire data of clinically healthy research subjects and those with signs of TMJ dysfunction, who did not complain and did not seek dental advice concerning the changes in the TMJ. Integration was carried out by multivariate systemic analysis of personal data and the assessment of changes in the dentition of all the subjects of the sampling. The two components were taken into account in the survey system corresponding to the two data blocks: "causes" and "effects". Information from the subjects of study was obtained by the principle of dichotomous presentation, during which the test subjects noticed the presence or absence of a specific sign (symptom) in the dentition. Results. Boundary values of the integral system status indicator (min Xbi = 0,04 + 0,01, max 0,11 + 0,04) were calculated, whereby the test subject can be attributed to the risk group for the causes and predisposing factors or the first manifestation of symptoms of TMJ pain dysfunction syndrome. Conclusion. The subjects of the research with the values of the integral index falling within the confidence interval boundary values of the modified system (from Xbi = 0,04 ± 0,01 to Xbi = 0,11 ± 0,04) require determination of an individual trajectory of system correction.

Aim - analysis of immunological and microbiological indicators of oral cavity in elderly patients who use complete and partial removable dentures. Materials and methods. 42 patients with combinations of complete and partial absence of teeth were involved in the research. The group included 27 women and 15 men, whose age varied from 60 to 74 years. All patients used complete and partial removable dentures. Results. The results show marked abnormality of microbiocenosis of the oral mucosa in patients engaged in the research. Conclusion. The results of the microbiological research of the oral mucosa in elderly patients who use removable dentures demonstrate significant dysbiotic changes in the resident and transient oral microflora both in quantitative and qualitative indicators.

Aim - improving the method of laser therapy in complex treatment of periodontal diseases. Materials and methods. By using methods of light microscopy and morphometry, the dynamics of morphological changes in gum tissues after the traditional open curettage treatment of periodontal pockets by neodymium laser (Nd:YAG, 1064 nm) have been studied. Results. Angenesis was achieved after laser treatment. Conclusion: Morphological picture of gum tissues after complex treatment of periodontal diseases with the use of neodymium laser (Nd:YAG, 1064 nm) conformed to the normal structure of the mucous membrane without distinct signs of inflammation.

In this article we conducted an analysis of methods and results of surgical treatment of tongue cancer for the time period of 30 years. Different technologies of surgical treatment of tongue cancer, both with and without the reconstructive operation, were used during the analyzed period. Aim - to improve the oncological and functional results of surgical treatment of the tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Within the few decades, the ideology of tongue cancer treatment has changed from simple resection to enhanced combined operation with one-stage reconstruction. Materials and methods. The unprecedented in its positive qualities and set of benefits operation was developed, with use of skin flap from the anterior surface of the neck, including the infrahyoid muscles, at different extents of resection or complete removal of the tongue. Conclusion. The positive functional and aesthetic results of surgical treatment of tongue cancer with high oncological reliability were obtained.